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Houston's Part in the World War 



EDITED NOVEMBER 11,1919 

ONE YEAR FROM THE SIGNING 

OF THE ARMISTICE 



MRS. W. M. BAINES 
editor" 




Houston, Texas 
1919 




MRS. W. M. BAINES 
nee May Harper Baines^ 
Editor 




ADVISORY COMMITTEE 

Mrs. H. F. Rinp; 

Mrs. Robert Dancy Mrs. F. L. Dana Miss Katie Daffan 

Dr. Hiram Harrison 



DEDICATION 



This book is dedicated to Houston's noble War Workers 
with the hope that it will help us know each other better and 
appreciate each other more. 

Some have had slight mention in the daily papers, but many 
have done wonderful work without any notice whatever. The 
noble men. women and children who have been so self-sacri- 
ficing should have first place in our hearts and in the hearts of 
future generations, and how can we know them unless we are 
told of them ? 

It is needless to say that all Houston was glad of an oppor- 
tunity to help. All true Americans feel that it was a just cause, 
and we are glad that our Country and our President is the 
world's champion Peace Maker. 

On the morning of April 6, 1917, the citizens of Houston, 
Texas, were up early (much earlier than usual), every man, 
woman and child in the city were eager to see the paper. 
America had entered the World War. 

America was needed across the water. Every heart throbbed 
and every eye was dim. For many months we had been work- 
ing strenuously at the Red Cross, hundreds of boxes of hospi- 
tal garments and surgical dressings had been shipped across 
the water. We had been giving what we thought was the best 
we had, we were sending our flour and sugar. We were deny- 
ing ourselves of many luxuries to help our neighbors in the 
Old World, but now the call was greater, we were to give 
our men ! 

Houston was not lacking in Patriotism. Fifteen thousand of 
our l)ravest and best donned the uniform of our country and 
told their loved ones good-bye. Mothers, wives, sisters and 
sweethearts bade their hearts keep still, for our men were 
needed, badly needed "Over There." 

With tears in our eyes but pride in our hearts we waved 
them adieu. We gloried in the part they were to take even 
though we knew many would be called to make the supreme 



sacrifice. We are glad that we have had a part in establishing 
a World Peace. We are glad that our great and noble Presi- 
dent, Woodrow Wilson, saw the need and issued the call for 
helpers. 

We are glad to say that Houston did its duty ; not all could 
go but all could do something. Every man that could go, 
went. Every man and woman that remained put their shoul- 
der to the wheel. Every war measure, every call, went "Over 
the Top." Red Cross workers. Liberty Bond and Thrift Stamp 
sellers and buyers. Canteen Workers and Entertainers. Chair- 
men and workers alike strained every nerve to give the best 
service possible. 

The home workers tried to be worthy of those who had been 
called to the front and we are glad of the assurance that our 
money, our food, our clothing and hospital supplies played no 
mean part in winning the war. 

We are glad Houston had its part in the great struggle and 
we believe that our men have returned from the "Other Side" 
with a vision far more beautiful than which they conceived 
when entertaining dreams of conquerors and Liberty. They 
now have dreams of Home and Peace. 

THE EDITOR. 




With Stout, Courageous Hearts Women Surrender Home 
Duties to Engage in War Activities 



By BELLE COSTELLO. 



T^HE COLLECTIVE stoutheartedness and courage of the 
*■ women of this country are great war assets. 

Add to the sum of these virtues the contributions of the 
women and the total is of great consequence. 

\\'hen the first service flag was hung in the first Houston 
window by a mother who had contributed a son or husband 
to the war, the war work was more individual than collective. 

Then gradually at the various social gatherings, the khaki- 
colored yarn and stout knitting needles began to supersede 
the gay-colored embroidery silks and equipment for fine 
needlework. Soon it came about that the social meetings 
merged into Red Cross gatherings at designated headquarters. 

Clubs of many kinds, which for many years had bound 
friends together with strands of pleasures weaving, became all 
at once organizations given over to the fervor of wartime 
service. 

Women who had spent their days in a round of pleasure 
suddenly became expert makers of surgical sui)plies and gar- 
ments for hospital use. 

^\^omen who had never found time to leave their household 
duties and large families suddenly decided the day could be 
nicely divided between patriotic and home service. 

Women stenographers, after a long day of office work, 
began going to Red Cross headc|uarters at stated nights a 
week to give time to the cause of mercy. 

Members of the Business Women's Club, women who carry 
weighty affairs on their shoulders and have oflfices of their 
own, began meeting at their club rooms certain nights to make 
baby kits for the little ones of the war zone. The number of 
these ]:)arcels of clothing and necessities they have made for 
the ])athctic little morsels born in desolation is legion, and the 
work still goes on. 

At the overseas relief headquarters women came for bundles 
of cloth which they fashioned into garments for women and 
children of the war zone. The boxes of warm garments and 
serviceal)le articles ^\•h!ch eager fingers made under the 



direction of this department of war work have brought happi- 
ness to many a child or woman huddled miserably in rags in 
some ruined homesite "Over There," 

Treasures Are Sacrificed. 

In order that the boys and men who rallied to the colors 
might have more comforts women literally ransacked their 
homes for clothing, furniture, anything and everything which 
they no longer needed or thought they could do without, and 
gave them to rummage sales for patriotic work funds. 
- Women also overhauled their jewel caskets and culled out 
old treasures and trinkets and gave them for a big melting 
pot whose contents would help outfit a branch of the service. 
Never has there been such literal examples of thrift and busi- 
ness enterprise constantly springing up — all for one purpose- 
to help win the war. 

While conservation of everything has been a slogan, yet in 
no one thing has conservation been more in the hands of 
women than in the matter of food. 

And how the women responded to all the calls to conserve 
a product in order to release more of it for the men and boys 
over there ! 

They spent hours in the hot summer days attending meet- 
ings where demonstrators, also giving their services to help 
win the war, cooked and baked with substitute products. 
Women made no murmur over the queer looking breads 
and other menu articles concocted out of heretofore unknown 
qualities and quantities. On the contrary, they made the 
substitute articles so tempting that the balance was main- 
tained. Indeed, the greatest single service woman has done 
for the country is helping rightly feed it. No woman can be 
called a slacker who did her part in food conservation. 

Women whose gardening thoughts had never centered 
around anything save flowers made war gardens — even 
in their cherished and prosperous looking front yards. Some 
of them carried on garden campaigns and made canvasses of 
districts, urging all dwellers thereof to go fc^rth and dig and 
hoe. They distributed thousands of packages of seeds through 
the National League of Woman's Service, and in this connec- 
tion also urged intensive "back yard chicken raising." 

Helping to Sustain Army Morale. 

Having given her own son or husband or brother or loved 
one as a contribution to help win the war, the mothers and 



wives and sisters left behind sought to sustain the morale of 
courage of the other men and boys who came to the canton- 
ments by providing some of the comforts of home at canteens. 
The old Light Guard Armory, under the direction of the 
women of clubs and organizations of the city became a 
favorite place for the khaki clads to spend afternoons or even- 
ings when allowed camp leave. They found there motherly 
women to visit with them. They found home-made cakes and 
pies and other dainties and diversions, and sometimes dancing. 
In the winter especially the canteen is a delightful place, with 
the open fires and festoons of yupon and holly and winter 
Southland flowers. And the women have never faltered in 
taking their turn at baking and providing, and giving their 
services that some boy or man away from loved ones might 
be made to lose that "lump in the throat" feeling, or, what is 
still greater, know how his donning of the khaki was appre- 
ciated. 

Ready to Go the Limit. 

Of the work of women in a financial way columns and col- 
umns could be written. They gave and gave and gave again. 

Women of clubs and organizations lined up solidly to help 
float all the Liberty Loans. They drove their cars to every 
part of the country to hold meetings in the interest of war 
finances. They gave up days to the work of inspiring others 
to buy from some booth in public places. They gladly made 
over old garments or wore them as they were, to buy another 
bond or more War Savings certificates. They were liberal in 
their passing out of nickels and dimes to children to do little 
odd jobs so that they might buy Thrift Stamps. 

There was hardly a man or boy who followed the colors but 
at some great cost to some woman. With many it was only 
peace of mind. With some it meant an entire reorganization 
of life. Many mothers once moving daily only through the 
precincts of their homes, boarded the street cars at an early 
hour with parcels of lunch, bound for a long day at some new 
task. They talked it over with their boys and sent them 
away with their blessing that the world might be made safe 
for other mothers and daughters and sisters and wives. 

And after a long day away from the old familiar comforts 
they had the dread always, day and night, of that telegram 
which might come from the war department at Washington 
beginning "We regret to tell you" — 

Forever was there the dread that at anv moment the white 



'star of the service flag might turn to gold. This is where 
-women score the greatest in helping win the war, for all 
changes, all hardships, all sorrows they bore bravely and pa- 
tiently; they learned to smile outwardly while sorrowing in- 
wardly and their philosophy and good temper and the spirit 
-with which they met each situation added so much more to 
the fighting strength of the country. 

Women stood shoulder to shoulder with men in everything 
.possible except actual fighting in this great world war. There 
were, those who rallied to the colors as far as the government 
would permit and served as nurses or helpers in many ways 
just behind- the battle lines. In summing-up all that women 
have done to help win the war no one can say they have not 
appreciated and sought to uphold our national duty in every 
possible manner. 



" Mrs. Belle Costello is one of the gifted writers of Texas. She 
has been for several years connected with the editorial staff 
of the Houston Chronicle and is at present society editor and 
feature writer for the Chronicle. During the war Mrs. Costello 
worked in the place of a man released for service, covering the 
regular "news beat" of a reporter. She is a member of the 
Texas Women's Press Association, the College Women's Club, 
Houston Pen Women's Club and State President of the Inter- 
national Sunshine Society. She is a graduate of Albion (Mich- 
igan) College and Conservatory of Music and did post-gradu- 
ate work at the University of Michigan. Mrs. Costello taught 
-piano in the State Normal of Michigan for several years before 
turning her attention to newspaper work. Contributions from 
her pen in the way of verse or short stories frequently appear 
in well known magazines. 




War Mothers Association. 



Every war has given rise to many organizations whose ob- 
ject has been to maintain principles for which men have sacri- 
ficed their Hves to perpetuate, but this is the first war that has 
evolved a War Mothers Club. 

This association of mothers of men who were engaged in 
the world war for liberty sprang up almost simultaneously all 
over the country, very few of them knowing at the time of 
organizing that there was another of like character in exist- 
ence. In olden times men went off to war and left the wo- 
men at home to maintain the crude state, leaving them 
to bear all the hardships of war but allowing them to share 
in none of its glory. Rut today this regime has changed. In 
the late war there were women who remained at home carry- 
ing on the work of their men folks in a brave and faithful 
manner, but there were others who participated in those activ- 
ities which brought them in almost as close contact with sights 
and danger-thrills of war as tliose of the men. And while the 
Red Cross and Salvation Army lassies were doing all they 
could over there for the comfort of the boys, the War Mothers 
over here were banded together in hopes that their united 
strength would send waves of moral and spiritual influence 
across the water that would aid the American boys to soon 
prove the deciding factor to win the war. And in no way was 
this influence exercised to better advantage than by importun- 
ing the relatives and friends and sweethearts of soldiers to 
send chatty, cheerful letters to overseas men. 

General Pershing himself frequently stated that nothing 
kept up the morale and fighting capacity of his men as did 
cheerful letters from home. 

When the soldier read a letter telling him that mother was 
well and hopeful or that wife felt sure that the war would 
soon be over, that the kiddies were bursting with health and 
were looking for his early return with a whole lot of souvenirs, 
it would double his determination to hurry up and finish the 
disagreeable task and hurry home. 

At the first national convention of War Mothers held in 
Indiana, Edmund \'ance Cook, conceded to be America's great- 
est war poet. i)ronounced the gathering to be one of the most 
wonderfully unique ones he had ever attended. And Senator 



12 WAR MOTHERS 



Watson, in his address to them on the same occasion, said : 
"I believe as truly as I stand in your presence tonight, that if 
this great organization be wisely used, that if it be kept free 
from politics, it will be one great agency which will with Chris- 
tianity bind the nations together and bring them to one com- 
mon level, chainless and fetterless forever. And therefore we 
should support and will support this wonderful agency." 



The Houston Chapter of War Mothers held their first meet- 
ing May 25, 1918, at which time were registered 58 charter 
members. At the present time they have nearly three hundred 
members. From this time they met twice a month until the 
armistice was signed. After cessation of war they held only 
monthly meetings. 

During the war this organization accomplished splendid 
work. They stimulated donations for war work by taking part 
in a body in parades formed for that purpose. It was through 
the generosity and encouragement of one of its members, Mrs. 
W. B. Sharp, that placed the canteen for enlisted men on its 
feet. And it was through the efforts of another prominent 
war mother, Mrs. Walter McClellan, that a cofTee percolator 
and a piano-player were installed in the canteen for the pleas- 
ure of the soldier boys. 

The War Mothers gave a liberal sum toward the fund raised 
by the Houston Chronicle for Christmas presents for the boys 
in France, contributed toward the Jewish relief fund and 
others, assisted in all the drives for the Government and the 
needy in Europe and took a prominent part in the Welcome 
Home celebrations given by the citizens of Houston in honor 
of the overseas boys. 

Under the direction of Mrs. M. A. Toy, an indefatigable 
worker for the Association, thousands of Welcome Home 
stickers were pasted at the depots, in hotels, on the windows 
of business houses and upon the shields of hundreds of auto- 
mobiles. 

The War Mothers had also the honor of sponsoring a most 
impressive memorial given December 29, 1918, at the City 
Auditorium in memory of the boys who had made the supreme 
sacrifice. And one of the most appropriately unique features 
of the exercises was the Message of the War Mothers, "L,et 
This War End War for Liberty Is Not Enough," delivered by 
their president, Mrs. F, Iv. Dana. 

It was through the effort of this organization that Houston 
now boasts of its first flagstaff. This beautiful welcome-home 
symbol serves not only the purpose of unfurling Old Glory to 



WAR MOTHERS • 13 



the breeze, but makes for the pedestrian a safer way to pass 
a most dangerous crossing. 

Now that the war is over the mothers are turning their 
minds to the problems that confront one in the reconstruction 
period. 

The organization has been asked to use its influence with 
their congressmen to support legislation that will correct the 
present court martial system regarding the soldiers who are 
in Federal prisons in this country and in European prison 
camps, perhaps innocent or unjustly sentenced. 

And the mothers are thinking of ways and means to make 
life more pleasant for "reconstruction" men. Ways and means 
to restore shattered nerves, minds to their normal poise, and 
bring back lustre to the eye that was dimmed by the sights 
it witnessed in "No Man's Land." 

And thus the scope of work for these mothers of men whose 
sons fought and died that the world might live in peace is 
gradually changing in character, but is none the less vital than 
that which they so bravely undertook in the trying days of 
actual warfare. 

WAR MOTHERS ROSTER 

Mesdames — 

F. W. Alsates, R. W. Adams, F. W. Alcala, Frank Andrews, 
C. G. .Mexander, Searcy Baker, W. P. Bryan, H. Booth, H. L. 
Bennett, Ben Bering. Beeler, Adeline Bade, C. W. Ijen- 
nett, Jessie Boyd, Mary Bryan, Geo. H. Brown, S. R. Boyd, 
Miss Maggie Pearl Boyd. A. L. Bright, Horace Booth, Edna 
Carter, Annie Coffin, M. C. Cooper. T. W. Cockrum, S. F. Car- 
ter, Mattie Caruth. J. IT. Clare, B. E. Carson. C. F. Diltz, F. L. 
Dana. John Dow. T." Daly, L. J. Di.xon, F. J. Diamond. J. N. O. 
Duncan. Fritz M. Dyer, Flora C. Drohan, J. J. Dowling. C. K. 
Darling, May Edwards, Violet Edwards, C. ^I. Enimott. J. J. 
Fry, Susan Fearhoke, C. W. Frazee, Emma P. Fo.x, Carrie 
Forest, Ida Fromm, Birdie Gillespie, C. E. Godbey. J. W. 
Greenwood, M. L. Gourley, W. A. Garrett, K. Groth. 
N. P. Gideon, Mary Green. I. C. Griffith. Anna Elizabeth 
Green, Henry Heinze. Hood, C. A. Harveson. J. W. Hart- 
ley, Tony Heinze. C. F. Hughes. Mary Holtkamp. Geo. Hill, 
Sr., C. J. Hooper, E. B. Harlow, J. C. Hammock, Fred Isenhour, 
K. E. Ilsiey, R. E. Illfrey, E. S. Jackson, Effie Jamison. A. C. 
Joines. C. S. Kaw. H. H. Kuhlman, George Kuhlman, 
Keough. R. W. Knox, .-Mice Knapp, J. Lehan. Charles Law- 
rence, C. M. LawShae, G. Ligenfelter, Mary Lamb, G. A. Lim- 
roth, Emil Lipper, F. H. Lowe. A. Martin. Geo. McCain, S. O. 
Mullenix, W. D. Monroe, H. D. Morse, M. S. Michael, Frank 



i4 " WAR:MOTHERS 



Moore, W. A. Moore, A. Magee, J. F. Marx, Sadie Mather, 
H. W. Millard, E. L. Moore, J. McCutcheon, J. E. McAshan, 
R. L. McLennon, W. R. McLellan, J. A. Morgan, G. L. Mur- 
phy, W. A. McCoy, James B. Murphy, Miss Aletha Marten, 
Miss Laura Marten, J. H. Morris, Cora B. Norman, Clara Null, 

A. H. O'Connor, R. H. Oakes, H. M. Peck, J. C. Plummer, M. 
Power, W. J. Parker, J. A. Painter, Katie Peterson, B. L. 
Palmer, Nellie Puddy, H. Rosenfield, J. A. Raney, J. S. Rig- 
den, J. M. Rockwell, H. F. Ring, Allen Rice, C. H. Strickland, 
Julius Schaefer, Tom C. Swope, A. F. Sharpe, H. G. Symms, 
P. M. Shoquist, Kathryn Soule, Schumaker, H. Singleton, W, 

B. Sharp, S. B. Snow, D. W. Stockridge, Mrs. Shoveling, W. 
M. Simmons, Eva Silber, J. Saper, D. E. Simmons, J. M. Stay- 
ton, Aloph Schuster, Edward Secor, Mary E. Sterrett, Anna J. 
Sterrett, R. A. Stacy, E. C. Thompson, G. A. Taft, W. A. Thei- 
len, A. E. Turner, W. H. Thorne, H. P. Walsh, J. W. Wilder, 
R. K. Wright, Thomas Wilson, A. Y. Wood, S. V. Wagner, Ben 
Wade, Mrs. Williams, N. Wolf, G. A. Wilson, R. H. Wimp. 
S. M. Wilson, Wm. Weaver, S. F. Williams, H. E. Wood, C. 
P. Wilson, S. PI. Berlocher, C. N. Fisher, R. J. Pounds, C. C. 
Wacey, Evalena Landis, Ben Jacobs, J. G. Gerson, M. A. Toy, 
Rosa Gause, Jessie E. Stokes, Aukenbruck, J. W. Neal, Phillip 
Carson, M. E. Benson, Mollie Reagan Watson Mobley, G. R. 
Loehr, Ethel B. Teeple, Fred M. Soland, Louis I. Soland, Ed. 
Harlow, May Locke, G. D. Parker, A. Wallace. 

HONORARY 
Mesdames Etta Gleason, Susan Van Liew, H. B. Fall, O. M. 
Davis, R. E. Patterson, M. A. Wescott, Bernard A. Riddley, 
T. B. Sebastian, Nellie Baker, J. H. Shumaker, Harris, Breaux, 
Paul Israel, J. W. AVilkinson, W. M. Baines. 



WAR MOTHERS 



15 



THOUSANDS CHEER AS OLD GLORY FLOATS FROM 
PEAK OF THE VICTORY FLAG STAFF 



Houston's Soldier Memorial Dedicated With Impressive 
Ceremonies, August 10, 1919 




The thrill that is only felt once in a lifetime and then when 
it comes from principles of patriotism and the love of home, 
filled the breasts of thousands who watched as Old Glory 
slowly ascended to the breezes Sunday evening on the Victory 
Flag- staflF. No greater resi)onse could be asked, and no more 
patriotism shown than when the vast crowd cheered and sang. 

"Let it be the compensation of that wonderful organization 
of \yar Mothers, for their efforts have been successful, and a 
lasting commemoration of victory and recognition of American 



16 WAR MOTHERS 



boys' sacrifices on the blood-stained fields of France," said 
Mayor Amerman, as he stood beneath the color standard, held 
in the hands of a boy scout. 

The ceremony was opened with prayer by Chaplain Mar- 
shall, and immediately after the prayer the band played "The 
Stars and Stripes Forever," the music being furnished by the 
Musicians Local No. 65. 

Colonel David M. Duller then delivered an address, and when 
asked to tell of some of his war experiences, he said, "Let the 
boys in your homes tell of these things. I know not where to 
begin. For no man saw the same horrors, and the same sacri- 
fices, and each has a different story to tell." 

After the song, "The Long, Long Trail," the song bringing 
up old memories to the world war veterans, for it was a fa- 
vorite battle song with them, Rolland Bradley, a member of 
Houston Post, American Legion, made an impressive address. 
He spoke of the victories yet to attain, and of the struggle that 
the whole world had gone through. 

"I am glad," he said, "to see that the inscription on this 
plate of bronze says, 'World War,' and not 'Great War,' for it 
was not a great and grand war, but a world war, of terror and 
human suffering." 

Mrs. ^luiT i l PDana, president of the War Mothers, was then 
introduced by Mrs. M. A. Toy, a war mother, and master of 
ceremonies, Mrs. Dana spoke of the flag, and its new lesson 
that it should henceforth teach to young America. "The red 
of the flag shall tell of the blood that was spilled on the battle 
fields of France by our American boys. The white shall be the 
tears shed by the mothers as they followed their sons in spirit 
across the seas, and over the blood-stained fields they fought 
on. The blue of the flag stands for hope," she said, "hope that 
as each day goes by America will come nearer to her aim of 
freedom and the things Liberty stands for." 



WAR MOTHERS 



17 



MRS. H. F. DANA 



Mrs. Dana was organizer 
and president of the War 
]\Iothers' Association. She 
is the mother of J. C. Crow- 
ley. Mr. Crowley enlisted 
with Dr. Cody's 357th Ambu- 
lance Corps, which was made 
up of Houston men. They 
served constantly for two 
years on the battle front in 
France in the 90th Division. 
Mrs. Dana is a woman of 
wonderful ability in many 
respects. She helped with all 
the drives for war funds and 
was either chairman or vice- 
chairman of all the home- 
coming receptions for the 
men. She, as president of 
the War Mothers, assisted 
by Mrs. M. A. Toy as chair- 
man and many other promi- 
nent mothers, raised funds to erect the l)c; 
Main Street and McKinney Avenue. 

Mrs. Dana is an authoress and preside 
Pen Women. 




lUl 

nt 



iful II, 
of th 



;ig stal 
e Hou 



r on 
ston 



TO MOTHERS OF "GOLD STARS" 

O ye Mothers brave and tender. 
The best of service you could render 
W'ere the gifts you gave so free, 
Braving dangers over sea. 
Surely you have done your part. 
And we know it wrung your heart. 

You gave your "Star," your greatest treasure. 
To save your country was your pleasure, 
And "His" grace will make you strong 
To meet "him" some dav with a song. 



— I\Iay Harper Baines. 



18 



WAR MOTHERS 



MRS. R. E. PATTERSON 

Mrs. R. E. Patterson was 
organizer and first president 
of the Navy Mothers, and is 
one of Houston's most earn- 
est and dependable clubwo- 
men. She was president of 
Child's Welfare League, and 
her work for better babies 
was something really worth 
while. She was secretary of 
the Robert E. Lee Chapter 
U. D. C. and was State audi- 
tor of the Texas Division U. 
D. C. for three terms. She 
was recording secretary of 
Current Literature Club for 
two years and recording sec- 
retary of Fannin School 
Mothers Club, also recording 
secretary and one of the 
most prominent workers of 
Texas Woman's Fair Asso- 
ciation. She is a member of 
Third Ward Civic Club and historian of the Axson Club. Mrs. 
Patterson's eldest son, R. E. Patterson, Jr.. enlisted in Texas 
Naval Militia March, 1916. Was called into service April 6, 
the day war was declared, and left that night for Charleston, 
S. C, and was aboard the "Mystery Ship," the Chas. W. Whit- 
temore, in Bermuda during the world war. Mrs. Patterson 
immediately put every ounce of strength she possessed in the 
home work through her organization, the "Navy Mothers." 
She worked constantly for the Red Cross, both with surgical 
dressings and knitting; also worked with many other activities. 
The following women were charter members, assisting Mrs. 
Patterson to organize : Mrs. R. E. Patterson, Mesdames T. W. 
Shearer, Louise Rowan, J. S. Ford, A. L. Jackson, M. B. Kelly, 
C. C. May, W. A. Goodson, R. W. Morris, J. S. Pierce, C. J. 
Parker, L. M. Randle, J. C. Ridley, E. Schleeter, J. M. Stacy, 
L. A. Smith, A. Winoski, W. C. Wallace, C. Thompson, Henry 
Martin, J. V. McSpaddin, W. Johnson, E. F. Heinze, R. W. 
Aiken, C. G. Byrne, J. R. Fisk, John Fisk, J. H. Rothwell, Ned 
Montgomery, E. C. Schramm, R. Seitsinger, D. Attaway, C. H. 
Williams, W. E. Kollman, L. Lohse, G. W. Huffsmith, V. H. 
Treat, N. E. Burris, A. Block, L. Taylor, T. B. Lewis, Diamond, 
R. A. Davis, B. Sydnor, G. A. Taft. 




WAR MOTHERS 19 



THE MOTHERS OF THE NAVY 

The Mothers of the Navy was organized in July. 1917, with 
Mrs. R. E. Patterson as first president. Their object was to 
enlist the mothers, wives, sisters and other relatives of the 
men of the United States Navy, Marine Corps and the Naval 
Aviation Corps into a united organization to promote the phys- 
ical, moral and spiritual welfare of the men, both at home and 
abroad. 

An auxiliary of the Red Cross was formed and wonderful 
work throughout all the departments was done by the ladies. 

Mrs. M. B. Kelley was elected president of the Mothers of 
the Navy in June of 1918 and the good work, already well ad- 
vanced, progressed rapidly under Mrs. Kelley's direction. New 
members were added to the list and one hundred and fifteen 
names were enrolled. 

The entire output of the local Red Cross machine knitted 
socks were sent to the Mothers of the Navy each week to be 
finished and pressed. 1500 pairs, all told, were returned from 
their work-room in the Bender Hotel ball room. Rummage 
sales were held and other means were employed by which 
enough money was held in the treasury to meet the nunuMous 
demands. 

During the suninu-r drive man\- thousand dollars worth of 
War Savings Stamps were sold by the ladies from the various 
banks and stands established by the city. Five hundred dollars 
was invested in Liberty Bonds, three hundred and fifty dollars 
in War Savings Stamps, making a total of eight hundred and 
fifty dollars of Government securities bought by this organiza- 
tion. Number of sailors have been helped individually, com- 
fort and cheer sent to ships and assistance given to families 
of men in service. Money and boxes of clothing were sent to 
the baby hospital in France, goodly sums have been given to 
Red Cross, Salvation Army, United War Mothers, drouth suf- 
ferers, flood victims, city hospital, etc. Several musical instru- 
ments, books and magazines were sent to the border. Victro • 
las were sent U> hosj)itals and ships. A liberal donation was 
sent to Dr. Hurd for her hospital work in France. 

They were made a chapter of the National Woman's Naval 
Service organization which has a membershi[) of 250,000, with 
head(|uarters at Washington, D. C. 

Mrs. Morris, one of the Mothers of the Navy, sent her six 
sons to fight for the L'. S., one of whom gave his life to the 
cause. 

The accompanying ])icture was taken of the "Christmas 
Cheer Committee" on their way to Galveston hospital. 

Mrs. W. V. Lawrence is now president. 



^^'AR MOTHERS 



21 




MRS. M. A. TOY 

Mrs. Toy was one of Hous- 
ton's most earnest workers. 
She played an important part 
in all our war activities and 
was in charge of many of 
our important movements. 
She was chairman of the 
Czecho-Slovak relief drive 
and helped with all other 
drives. She took especial in- 
terest in the home-coming of 
our men and was chairman 
of the beautiful flag staff 
erected on Main Street and 
McKinney Avenue in honor 
of our boys who will never 
come back. 

Mrs. T(jy is the mother of 
First Lieutenant E. A. Toy, 

Adjutant 111th P'ield Signal lirigade, 36th Division. All who 

worked with Mrs. Toy learned to love her. 

MRS. HAL C. PECK 

Mrs. Hal C. Peck, or Mrs. Mamie 
Downard Peck, assisted in organiz- 
ing the Houston War Mothers and 
was its first recording secretary. 
She was vice-president of Houston 
Pen Women and is the author of 
many short stories and sketches anfl 
is also a writer of poems. She is 
present and ])ast poet laureate for 
six different organizations, has acted 
as president of eleven different clubs 
and has been recording and corre- 
sponding secretary for both local 
and State organizations. She is a 
club organizer and has served as 
State chairman of numerous com- 
mittees. The following poem was written .April 27, 1917, some 
days after the enHstment of Hal C. Peck in First Division, 
Ambulance Co. No. 2. Young Peck was not quite 19 years 
old at time of enlistment, went over with Pershing's first 
20,000 men. Saw a year's service, twice gassed with chlorine 
and mustard gas. blinded, in seven hosjjitals in France, two in 




22 WAR MOTHERS 



America. Discharged February 14, 1919, three-fourths dis- 
abled. Was one of the stretcher-bearers that carried Captain 
Archie Roosevelt off the field, and the first disabled overseas 
soldier to return to Houston. 

Oh, he was her prince, the little prince of her day and nightly 

dreams, 
With his rose-flushed cheeks, his merry laugh, and curls with 

golden gleams ; 
Such a bonny boy with loving heart and fascinating ways, 
He made her life a prideful dream, as he grew with passing 

days ; 
And all too soon, the dimpled babe grew up a tall young lad. 
And still he v/as her prince of dreams, although she felt half 

sad. 
For life was calling him from her, the bonny, merry boy. 
Who all his life had filled her heart and home brim full of joy. 

And then there gathered o'er the land a war cloud dark and 

grim. 
That called the lads throughout the land and sent its voice to 

him ; 
Her prince of dreams, heart of her heart, must answer with 

his blood, 
Poured from his merry, loving heart, in patriotic flood. 
If Uncle Sam and Country should need the sacrifice. 
No matter if wrenched heartstrings was the mother's fearful 

price. 
She'd bravely face the issue, with no outward show or qualm. 
And send her little prince of dreams, a gift to Uncle Sam. 



WAR MOTHERS 



23 




First Military Funeral in Houston Caused by the World War 

Full military honors were accorded 
the remains of \\'. H. H. Trumbo 
(son of W. H. and Mrs. Isabell 
Trumbo McLaren), a soldier of the 
United States Naval Corps, whose 
death occurred at the Naval Hospital 
at Puget Sound July 5. He had been 
in his country's service two months, 
having enlisted shortly after the dec- 
laration of war. The funeral ser\ - 
ices were conducted by the Re\. 
John E. Green, who spoke in touch- 
ing terms of the young hero. Full 
military honors were accorded every 
branch of the service being repre- 
sented, including the United States ^- "■ "• Trumbo 
Arm}-. Grand Army of the Republic and Women's Relief Corps. 
The ladies of the First Aid Legion, who marched on each side 

who tired a salute at the grave 
where ta])S were sounded. Inter- 
ment was in lloll}"wood Cemetery. 
A touching feature of the sad event 
was the dedication of a beautiful 
American flag under whose shelter- 
ing folds our soldier boy spent his 
last night on earth. The banner is 
the propert}- ol" the Woman's Relief 
Corps and will be further conse- 
crated by dra])ing the bier of mem- 
bers of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public when for them taps are 
sounded. The heritage of the young 
man was i)atriotisni from a long line 
of Revolutionary sires, a father who wore the blue from '61 to 
'65, and a mother descended from Irish patriotism and Scotch 
Covenanters and whose heart embraces ever\- l)oy who wears 
our countrv's uniform. 




Father an 1 Mother ot 
W. H. H. Trumbo 



24 



WAR MOTHERS 




Mrs. H. L. Bennett 



Mrs. Anna Micheal 



Mrs. E. D. Harlow 



MRS. E. D. HARLOW 

Mrs. E. D. Harlow has lived in Houston for 28 years. She 
helped organize two Sunday Schools ; through her work and 
influence a nice church was built by the Werline Methodist 
Mission. She solicited the material and Mr. Harlow contrib- 
uted his services as contractor. The Harlow School was named 
for them and Mr. Harlow again contributed his services as 
contractor. Mr. Harlow also contributed his services as con- 
tractor in building the Red Cross Hut at the Central Depots 
which is the best Red Cross Hut in the South and where more 
than 80,000 soldiers were served by canteen workers. Mrs. 
Harlow and her two daughters, Misses Ruby and Lola Har- 
low, helped with Red Cross and all relief drives, entertain- 
ments, etc. Mrs. Harlow is also a war mother. 



MRS. GEO. KUHLMAN 

and only child, Edwin 
Louis Kuhlman, taken 
when only four years old. 
He served his country 
with the 11 1th Field Sig- 
nal Battalion, 36th Divi- 
sion. 




HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 25 



i^^^^^J^^^^Jf. 



HOUSTON OFFICERS KILLED IN ACTION 

Captain John R. Rurkett. former Houston lawyer, was com- 
manding Company C, 399th Infantry, when killed in action in 
the Argonne drive November 1, 1918. 

Lieutenant Frank Murchison Moore. 88th Aero Squadron, 
son of Mrs. Frank Moore, Houston, was killed near Fismes, 
France. September 2. 1918. Lieutenant Moore was in a battle 
plane which was downed after a battle with eight (^.erman 
planes. 

First Lieutenant K. L. Riesner, son of Mr. and Mrs. R. A. 
Riesner, 61 Young Street, of the 79th Company. 6th Regiment 
of Marines, killed in action June 14, 1918, in Relleau Wood. 

Captain Little Harrison, son of Dr. and Mrs. R. FL Harrison, 
2151^ Dennis Avenue, of Battery E, 119th Field Artillery; se- 
riously wounded July 12, 1918. in the shelling of Bellersdorf, 
in Alsace, dying the morning of July 14. in a hospital at ^lor- 
villars, one mile distant. 

Lieutenant J. McKenzie Mcintosh of the 357th Infantry, 
Houston boy who was killed in the St. Mihiel drive September 
13, 1918. Lieutenant Mcintosh had just been transferred to 
the 357th and was killed on his first time "over the top." 

Lieutenant Trafton Hathaway of the 90th Aero Squadron, 
formerly of Houston, who was killed in France June 25. 1918. 

Lieutenant Cowart. Aviation. Son of Mrs. T. E. Cowart. 
Missing in action since September 17, 1918. Awarded the 
Croix de Guerre for conspicuous bravery in action. 

Lieutenant Geo. H. Bissonet. Aviation. 

Lieutenant Thomas R. Rrailsford. U. S. N. 



26 HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 



HOUSTON'S SONS WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE 
OF THEIR COUNTRY 

(By Courtesy of Houston Chronicle) 

ACRES, CHAS. H. (USA), died of disease. 
ACUFF, NORMAN D. (USM), died of disease. 
ACUFF, ROBT. E. L. (USM), killed in action. 
ALEXANDER, JOHN W. (USA), died of disease. 
ALEXANDER, LESLIE (c.USA), died of accident. 
ALEXANDER, WESLEY (USA), died of disease. 
ALLEN, SHELLEY (USA), killed in action. 
ALTIC, RUSSELL (USA), died of disease. 
ANDERSEN, OSCAR (USA), died of disease. 
ANTHONY, LANSING (USA), died of disease. 
ANDERSON, OSCAR (USA), died of disease. 
ANTHONY, LANSING (USA), died of disease. 
AUTRE Y, MAX (USA), lost aboard ship. 
BANKS, JOHN L. (USA), killed in action. 
BANKS, WM. W. (USA), killed in action. 
BARKDULL, EARL (USA), killed in action. 
BARNES, S. L. (USA), killed in action. 
BARTLETT, H. B. (USA), killed in action. 
BETHEA, CECIL G. (USA), killed in action. 
BISSONET, GEO. H. Lieut. (Avia.), died by accident. 
BOYLE, WM. H. (USA), killed in action. 
BRELSFORD, THOS. R. Lieut. (USM), killed in action. 
BRAY, FRANK H. (USA), killed in action. 
BRAY, W. C. (British Army), killed in action. 
BREWER, HOWARD M. (Avia.), died of disease. 
BRILEY, FELIX H. (USA), killed in action. 
BROOKS, CLARENCE (USA), died of disease. 
BROWN, WILL (USA), missing in action. 
BURKETT, J. R. Capt. (USA), killed in action. 
BURKHART, FRANK P. (USM), died of disease. 
BURTON, N. N. (USA), died of disease. 
BYRNE, HUGH O. (USA), died of wounds. 
CANFIELD, HENRY R. Sgt. (USA), died by accident. 
CARTER, EDDIE P. (USA), died of wounds. 
CAYLOR, JOS. B. (USM), killed in action. 
CHANDLER, W. E. (USA), died of disease. 
CLARK, JOHN F. Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 
COLLIER, MARION M. (USM), killed in action. 
COLLINS, JOHN (USA), died of disease. 



HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 27 



COLLINS. WM. M. (USA), died of disease. 
CORONAS, PETE (x\via.), died of disease. 
CO WART, WM. B. Lieut. (Avia.), missing m action. 
DALY, JOHN (USA), killed in action. 
D'AMICO, SAME (USA), died of disease. 
DEY. CLAUDE M. (USM), killed in action. 
DISMUKE, THOS. (USN), killed in action. 
DORBANDT, JUSTIN (USA), died of disease. 
DUNLAVY. H. D. (USM), killed in action. 
DWINXELL, XOR^IAN E. (USA), killed in action. 
EDWARDS. LAWRENCE J. (c.USA), died of wounds. 
ELLIOTT, KARL L. Lieut. (USA), died of disease. 
EVERTON. M. D. (USA), killed in riot. Houston. 
FASHION, AUG. T- (USA), died of wounds. 
FEAGIN. RICHARD H. (USX), died of disease. 
FLOYD, LEWIS (USM), died of disease. 
GIBSON. R. M. Capt. (USA), died of disease. 
GIEGELT, EMIL (USA), died of wounds. 
GLEXX, ELSA L. (USA), died of disease. 
GLOGLER. LEE G. (USA), died of disease. 
GOXZALES. ALPHOXSE (USA), missing in action. 
GRATEHOUSE, JOHX W. (USM), died of wounds. 
GREEX, THOS. Sgt. (USA), died of wounds. 
GREGG, DONALD (USA), killed in action. 
HALL. WM. B. (USM). died of disease. 

HALPERX, LAWRENCE (USX), lost on ship. 

HARRIS, GEO. (USA), died of disease. 

HARRIS. JOS. J. (USM), killed in action. 

HAMMOXS, CARROLL C. (USA), killed in action. 

HARRIS. SAME L. Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 

HARRISOX. LITTLE Capt. (USA), died of wounds. 

HATHAWAY. EDWD. T. Lieut. (Avia.), died by accident. 

HAWKIXS, lOHX P. (USA), died of disease. 

HICKS, lv\RL (USA), died of disease. 

HICKS, THOS. B. (US.-X). died of wounds. 

HILDEBRANDT, CARL (USA), died of disease. 

HOLLIMOX, FLOYD G. (USA), died of disease. 

HOPKIXS. FRED B. (USA), killed in action. 

HUBBELL. WILLIS L. (USA), missing in action. 

JACKSOX, E. D. (USA), killed in action. 

JEXSEX. LAWREXCE G. (USM), killed in action. 

JOHXSOX. RALl'H A. (USA), died on shii)l)oard. 

JOIXES, CARSON D. (USA), killed in action. 

JONES, WM. J. (USA), died of disease. 

KUHLMAN. JUSTIN (USA), died of disease. 

LAMBERT. G. C. (USA), died by accident. 



28 HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 

LATIMER, OSCAR (USN), died of disease. 
LAYTON, ROBT. E. (USA), missing in action. 
LEE, RANDOLPH T. (USN), died of disease. 
LEMKE, COLIN G. (USA), died of disease. 
LENAHAN, EDWD. D. (USA), died by accident. 
McCALL, ANDREW (c.USA), died in action. 
McDonald, ALLEN J. (USA), died of disease. 
McINTOSH, JOHN McK. Lieut. (USA), killed in action. 
McNElL, H. LEE, Dr. (USA), died of disease. 
McREYNOLDS, T. L. (USN), died of disease. 
MARTIN, JACOB, Jr. (USA), died of disease. 
MAYES, C. W. (USN), died of disease. 
MEEK, CHESTER A. (USA), killed in action. 
MEINEKE, MARTIN B. (USA), died of disease. 
MELNAR, FRANK E. (USA), died at sea. 
MICHEL, WM. J. (USA), missing in action. 
MILLER, CHAS. E. (USA), killed in action. 
MILLER, JAS. E. (USA), killed in action. 
MILLS, OLLIE (c.USA), killed in action. 
MOORE, F. M. Lieut. (Avia.), killed in action. 
MOORE, THOS. W. (USA), died by accident. 
MORRIS, ROSCOE W. (USN), died by accident. 
NAPLAVA, DOMINICK (USA), killed in action. 
NELSON. ALBERT P. (c.USA), died of disease. 
NETTLETON, ROBT. E. (USA), died of disease. 
NICHOLSON, CLAUD (USA), killed in action. 
NOGLE, RUSSELL B. (USN), died of disease. 
NORTON. GEO. P. (USA), killed in action. 
NORVICK, SAME (Avia.), died by accident. 
OGLE, CHAS. W. (USA), died of wounds. 
OLLRE, JOS. E. (USA), killed in action. 
O'REILLY, W. M. (USM), killed in action. 
PATTERSON, CHAS. H. (USM), died of wounds. 
PECORE, R. C. Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 
PEDERSON, GEO. (USA), died of disease. 
PIZER, NATHAN L. (USM), killed in action. 
PLUMMER, ROY S. (USM), died of disease. 
OUINN, T. H. Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 
RIESNER, EDWD. L. Lieut. (USM), killed in action. 
RILEY, JAS. A. (USA), died of disease. 
ROBERSON, MESHACK (USA), died of disease. 
ROMACK, FRANCIS R. (USA), killed in action. 
RUSSELL, CHAS. E. Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 
SANDERS, WM. L. (USA), died of disease. 
SCHULER, MARION (USA), died of wounds. 
SHOCK, ERNEST D. (USA), killed in action. 



HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 29 

SIMMONS. CLAUD C. (USA), died of disease. 
SIMMONS, WM. L. (USA), killed in action. 
SINGLETON, DRUE Sgt. (USA), died of disease. 
SMITH. SHELBY (USA), killed in action. 
SNOVER, OSCAR (USA), died of disease. 
SOCIA, JOS. P. (USA), killed in action. 
SOUTH, IRA W. Sgt. (USM). died of disease. 
STACKHOUSE, B. C. (USA), died of disease. 
STEDMAN, JAS. M. (USA), died of disease. 
STEPHENSON, JAS. T. (A via.), died by accident. 
STEVENSON, HARRY L. (USA), killed in action. 
STUEBNER. THEO M. (USA), died of disease. 
STYERS, JAS. L. (USA), died of disease. 
SWEENEY, WM. W. (USA), missing in action. 
TAGGART, HARRY (USN), lost at sea. 
TEETSHORN, RAY G. (Avia.), died of disease. 
THOMPSON, JOHN P. (USM), killed in action. 
TOMPKINS, ROBT. W. (USA), died of wounds. 
TRUxMBO, FRANK (USA), died of disease. 
TRUETT, WM. (USA), died of disease. 
TUCK, ROBT. E. (USA), died of disease. 
TRULEY, WESLEY (c.USA), killed in action. 
VETUSKIE, FELIX (USA), drowned. 
VICK, CHAS. (USA), killed in action. 
VLAHOS, LEONIDAS (USA), killed in action. 
WAGNER. LELAND J. (USA), killed in action. 
WARRACH, DA\-1D H. (USA), died of disease. 
WAUGH, TERRELL T. (USM), killed in action. 
WEBER. JOS. C. Sgt. (USM), died of disease. 
WESTCOTT, CHAS. H. (USA), died of disease. 
WESTLEY. WM. (USA), died of disease. 
WINKLER, MILTON J. (USA), killed in action. 
WISDOM. PIERCE A." (USA), died of wounds. 
WOGGINS. L. (USA), killed in action. 
WOOD, CHAS. H. (USA), killed in action. 
WOOD, THOS. W. (USA), killed in acti.;n. 
WUENCHE, GUSTAV A. (USA), killed in action. 



*1iV*1^^**'^^ 



30 



HOUSTON'S GOLD STARS 



OUR GOLD STARS 

In Memory of Our Boys Who Made the Supreme Sacrifice 
That Freedom Might Not Die 



Boys, brave-eyed boys, with tender 
hearts and hands ; 
Boys, straight and tall, who 
laughed and loved and sang; 
Who cheered and went out to war- 
torn lands, 
Whose brave smiles strove to hide 
the parting pang ; 
They went to fight for mothers of 
the world, 
For children like the children 
whom they knew ; 
They marched away, and now war's 
flags are furled. 
And now their stars are gold 
which once were blue. 



They leaped into the air on pinions wide ; 

They marched through all of war's red hell and reek ; 
By night and day they combed the ocean tide, 

They gave their strength to Freedom growing weak ; 
They died for us in lands remote and far ; 

They laughed and took the battle to the foe ; 
They gladly gave their lives in Freedom's war ; 

They went as far as human strength may go. 

They went as far as human strength may go. 

In Freedom's cause they might not be denied. 
On every field they stopped the charging foe, 

Waved on the flag they loved, and, waving, died. 
For them we smile, but yet our tears will start — 

What they fought for our hands and hearts shall hold. 
Their stars are graven on the Nation's heart ; 

Their stars which once were blue but now are sfold. 




-Judd Mortimer Lewis. 



RED CROSS 



31 



THE HOUSTON CHAPTER AMERICAN RED CROSS 




DR. HIRAM HARRISON 
Chairman of Production 

At tliL- annual nu-cting-. March 13, 191?, a representative of 
the Xational Red Cross was i)resent and ori,Mnizatii)n was 
begun for meeting the war emergency. 

A membership campaign was launched which resulted in a 
membership of 4400 by July. 1917. Mrs. Wallace Ralston was 
chairman of the committee. 'I'he women began at once under 
the direction of Mrs. S. 1^.. Dabney to work upon equipment 
for a Navy Base Hospital. By the end of May Mrs. Dabney 
reported that "surgical dressings and hospital supplies were 
completed enough to fill several boxes." 

New by-laws contemplating the larger work were adopted 
June 4 and the organization which administered the affairs 
of the Chapter during the war was elected as follows : 

Hon. Picn Campbell, Chairman. 

Dr. Hiram B. Harrison, \ice-Chairman and Chairman of 
Military Relief. 

Mr. DcW'itt C. Dunn. Treasurer. 

Mrs. M. P. Ostrow, Secretary. 

Mr. A. S. Cleveland, Chairman of Home Service Section. 

Mr. F. M. Law, Chairman of Finance Committee. 

The Executive Committee elected were : Mrs. N. E. Meador, 

Mrs. Chas. Golding, Mrs. Luke C. Bradley, Mrs. W. E. Jones, 



32 RED CROSS 



Miss Minnette Paine, Mrs. Max Taub, Mr. Herbert Godwin, 
Mr. F. M. Law, Mr. DeWitt C. Dunn, Mr. A. S. Cleveland, Mr. 
Abe M. Levy, Dr. Hiram B. Harrison, Dr. J. Edward Hodges, 
Hon. Ben Campbell, Mr. R. C. Kerr, Dr. Thomas Clayton, Mrs. 
Denton Cooley, Miss Florence Sterling. 

On June 19, it was voted to organize the Houston Ambu- 
lance Company, No. 36, with Dr. Claude C. Cody as captain. 

Miss Minnette Paine was appointed chairman of the Surgi- 
cal Dressings. Mrs. N. E. Meador, chairman of the Purchasing 
Committee and of Hospital Garments, and Mrs. W. E. Jones, 
chairman of the Knitting Department. 

Supplies for the Navy Base Hospital Unit were completed 
by the middle of July, 1917, This consisted of complete equip- 
ment for a hospital of 250 beds, comprising 632 garments and 
29,072 surgical dressings at a cost of $3196.10. 

The Chapter had been crowded out of the rooms of the Fed- 
eral Building by the growth of the work and by the courtesy 
of Mr. Jesse Jones we occupied in June, 1917, the entire tenth 
floor of the Goggan Building; moving again to larger quarters, 
occupying the third floor of the Woolworth Building, again 
by courtesy of Mr. Jones in December, 1918. 

The work expanded rapidly and under the direction of Mrs. 
Ralston and later Mrs. Denton Cooley, the following auxil- 
iaries were organized: 

In Houston : 

Allen School, Mrs. Dan C. Smith, Chairman. 

Amoma Auxiliary, Mrs. M. M. Roensch, Chairman. 

Beneke Memorial Church, Mrs. W. Curtis, Chairman. 

Bering Memorial Church, Mrs. C. H. Frederick, Chairman. 

Bon Ami, Mrs. D. W. Clink, Chairman. 

Brooke Smith, Mrs. M. F. Davus, Chairman. 

Calvary Red Cross, Mrs. W. D. Hendrix, Chairman. 

Camp Logan Auxiliary, Mrs. Anna Bishop, Chairman. 

Carpenters Ladies No. 6, Mrs. W. J. Heath, Chairman. 

Catholic Woman's Auxiliary, Mrs. Rutherford, Chairman. 

Central Presbyterian Church, Mrs. Talbert, Chairman. 

Child's Welfare League, Mrs. Geo. S. Warner, Chairman. 

Clara Barton Auxiliary, Mrs. A. L. Nelms, Chairman. 

Community House, Mrs. R. S. Sterling, Chairman. 

Council of Jewish Women, Mrs. Jos. Goldman, Chairman. 

Crockett School, Mrs. McGow^en, Chairman. 

Central Christian Church, Mrs. C. W. Fellows, Chairman. 

Christ Church, Mrs. McNeill, Chairman. 

Colored Y. W. C. A., Miss Ruby Craig, Chairman. 

Dow School, Mrs. J. L. Alexander, Chairman. 



RED CROSS 33 



Eastern Star, Houston Chapter, Mrs. H. C. \\'ebb. Chairman. 

Ellington Field, Mrs. H. C. Elkins, Chairman. 

Evergreen Auxiliary, Mrs. R. Watkin, Chairman. 

Eastern Star, Ransford Chapter, Mrs. M. Kimpton, Chair- 
man. 

First Baptist Church, Mrs. ^^'. E. Leslie, Chairman. 

First Evangelical Lutheran Church, Mrs. J. H. Hermann, 
Chairman. 

Fullerton School. ]\Irs. \V. L. Shepherd, Chairman. 

First Methodist Church, Mrs. John T. Scott, Chairman. 

First Presbyterian Church, Mrs. J. Forbes, Chairman. 

Fannin School Mothers Club, Mrs. S. M. Lister, Chairman. 

Hawthorne School Mothers Club, ]\Irs. C. H. Davison. Chair- 
man. 

Hyde Park, Mrs. H. M. Cummings, Chairman. 

Housewives' League, Mrs. Ida Fromm, Chairman. 

Mrs. Horton's Auxiliary, Mrs. Horton, Chairman. 

Italian Red Cross \\'orkers, Mrs. V. Navarro, Chairman. 

Ima Hogg x\uxiliarv, Miss Ima Hogg, Chairman. 

I. D. A. Q., Mrs. C. B. Glover, Chairman. 

Incarnate Word Academy, Mrs. David Daly. Chairman. 

Jewish Literary Society, Miss Lillie Belle Emden, Chairman. 

Knitting Room No. 2, Mrs. Howard Hughes, Chairman. 

Knitting Room No. 3, Mrs. Frank Moore, Chairman. 

Kendleton Grove Auxiliary, Mrs. A. 'M. Lacy, Chairman. 

Longfellow School, Mrs. Emma Gaines, Chairman. 

Loyal Workers of St. Paul Methodist Church, Mrs. F. W. 
\\'illiford. Chairman. 

Lady \\'ashingt()n Chapter, Mrs. E. V. Hardway. Chairman. 

Lamar Sclujol Mothers Club. Mrs. R. C. Culpepj^er. Chair- 
man. 

Magnolia Park Au.xiliary, Mrs. Burchtield, Chairman. 

McAshan Missionary Society, Mrs. M. C. Welch, Chairman. 

McGowan School, Mrs. V. T. Matthews, Chairman. 

Monday Night Auxiliary, Mrs. H. A. Vallas, Chairman. 

McKee Street Auxiliary, Mrs. W. E. Mitchell, Chairman. 

The Miriams, Mrs. F. B. Wilkes, Chairman. 

McKnitt Chapter, D. A. R., Mrs. C. H. Gass, Chairman. 

North Side Auxiliary, Mrs. W. E. Mitchell, Chairman. 

Navy Mothers League, Mrs. R. E. Patterson, Chairman. 

Oakhurst Auxiliary, Mrs. W. F. Ames, Chairman. 

Oaklawn-Eastwood, Mrs. W. A. Cockrell, Chairman. 

Priscilla Club, Mrs. L. O. Nairn, Chairman. 

Pythian Sisters, K. P. Hall, Mrs. Hattie O'Donncll. Cliair- 
man. 

Patriotic League, Miss Agncse Carter, Chairman. 



34 RED CROSS 



Rice Institute Annex, Mrs. Sara Stratford, Chairman. 

Rice Hotel Auxiliary, Mrs. N. E. Meador, Chairman. 

Royal Neighbors of Aline Camp 2677, Mrs. F. E. Woolridge, 
Chairman. 

Reading Club, Mrs. John Hume, Chairman. 

Rice Hotel, Surgical Dressings, Miss Ada Carlton, Chairman. 

Second Christian Church, Mrs. J. W. Sharbeart, Chairman. 

South End Auxiliary, Mrs. P. T. Beach, Chairman. 

Second Presbyterian Church, Mrs. F. W. West, Chairman. 

South End Study Club, Mrs. W. E. Southward, Chairman. 

St. Paul's Methodist Church, Mrs. Seth Ward, Chairman. 

St. Paul's Gleaners, Mrs. E. C. Lane, Chairman. 

St. Agnes Academy, Mrs. David Daly, Chairman. 

Settlement House, Mrs. Robert Balsam, Chairman. 

Stenographers' Auxiliary, Miss Middleton, Chairman. 

Texas Woman's Fair Auxiliary, Mrs. W. M. Baines, Chair- 
man. 

Taylor School, Mrs. W. H. Williams, Chairman. 

Texas Review No. 62, W. B. A. O. T. M., Mrs. Alice Bod- 
deker. Chairman. 

Thursday Auxiliary, Mrs. H. K. Read, Chairman. 

Theosophical Society, Mrs. Betty Robertson, Chairman. 

The Unitarian Church, Mrs. D. W. Whipple, Chairman. 

Trinity Lutheran Church, Mrs. B. Althans, Chairman. 

Tuam Baptist Church, Mrs. J. A. Mobley, Chairman. 

U. D. C. Auxiliary, Mrs. J. F. Burton, Chairman. 

Westheimer Church, Mrs. C. A. Harveson, Chairman. 

Woman's Club, Mrs. W. G. Love, Chairman. 

Woman's Medical Society of Harris County, Mrs. W. Rals- 
ton, Chairman. 

Women's Relief Corps, Mrs. Sophia Harper, Chairman. 

Woodland Heights, Mrs. Y. M. Martin, Chairman. 

Young Ladies of Second Presbyterian Church, Miss Anna 
Rickets, Chairman. 

Houston Heights was organized as a branch with Mrs. G. 
W. Hawkins as chairman. The branch developed several active 
auxiliaries, raised the larger share of money for its supplies 
and did a large amount of excellent work. 

The North Side Branch was organized with Mrs. M. J. 
Heaney as chairman, with several auxiliaries and a force of 
workers which achieved splendid results. 

The central work-rooms teemed with the activity of hun- 
dreds of volunteers daily and knitting was issued to indivi- 
duals throughout the county. 

The grand totals of achievement were as follows : Sursfical 



RED CROSS 35 



dressings. 1,511.528; hospital garments, 177,102; knitted ar- 
ticles, 29,004; refugee clothing, 11,285. 

The Home Service Section of the Civilian Relief was early 
organized under the direction of Chairman A. S. Cleveland. 
The following figures give some idea of the work accom- 
plished : 

10.712 families have been dealt with, either in giving infor- 
mation and advice or financial help, or both. 

A total expenditure of S23.745.65 has been made in grants 
and loans. 

The depot or "Canteen" service under the direction of Mrs. 
Frank ^Moore was organized in the spring of 1918, to cheer the 
men going into camp, to God-speed the trained soldiers going 
to the front and to welcome the returning heroes. The bless- 
ing of the canteen service cannot be reported. The following 
will give a faint idea : 

The work began with a desk at Grand Central Station, May 
23, 1918, with at least two ladies meeting all trains at both sta- 
tions upon secret information from the railroads. This work 
opened with Mrs. Frank Moore, commandant, with three first 
lieutenants and forty-two members. 

In the first five months the committee served approximately 
35,000 soldiers en route at a cost of $1500.00. The service con- 
sisted of cigarettes or tobacco, candy and fruit, post cards, 
stamped when necessary, lead pencils, magazines, newspapers 
and good cheer in abundance. At one time 2000 troops on the 
way to embarkation were served in a pouring rain. Sometimes 
on a hot summer afternoon the gracious reception consisted 
of iced watermelons. Trains were met at midnight and one 
morning, without advance notice, breakfast was served to 465 
men. For the sick there was lemonade and nursing. P^abies 
were tended for soldiers' wives while the mothers shopped 
with their husbands. During the influenza epidemic anxious 
parents or wives were taken to the sick at the base h()si)ital 
and tender ministries extended to the bereaved as they started 
upon the lonely journey homeward. 

In her November report, the Commandant says : "We have 
served 6000 men during the month. Tliere is another class of 
men passing through, those who have offered their lives — who 
have suffered hardship and faced death. These are returning, 
many of them recovering from wounds, shell shock and gas. 
These men need more than our usual service. They need warm 
foods, delicate things, a place to rest for the hours they must 
stav in Houston." 

From this time (jn the attention of the canteen has been 
mainlv to the men demobilizing. Early in January the long 



36 RED CROSS 



hoped-for canteen was completed, "the best, most home-like 
and prettiest hut this side of New York." 

Mrs. Moore gave up the work in May, 1919, and Mrs. W. 
E. Gilliland was elected Commandant. 

The hut was delayed through the difficulty of securing per- 
mission from the railroad authorities to build it. It was com- 
pleted, however, in time for the demobilization and has per- 
formed a most valuable, patriotic and loving service. 101,000 
men received service during the first year and the expense, 
including the cost of the hut, was $8755.83. 

Instruction for women began very early under the direction 
of Dr. Belle C. Eskridge in First Aid, and Miss Retta Johnson 
and Mrs. H. C. Gass in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care 
of the Sick. 

337 women completed the course in First Aid and 235 women 
completed the court in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care 
of the Sick. 

The Junior Red Cross of Harris County was organized in 
January, 1918. Almost all schools came in 100 per cent. 

The school management co-operated to the fullest extent 
incorporating Red Cross work as a part of its curriculum in 
Manual Training, Domestic Science and Domestic Economy. 
The whole comprised patriotic education and production of 
hospital supplies. A large amount of excellent work was 
done. When the armistice was signed in November, 1918, 
there were 1932 children outside of Houston who had raised 
$483.16 and in the Houston schools 12,230 children who had 
raised $2753.21. 

Mrs. Chas. Scholibo, Junior Chairman of the county, with 
the County Superintendent and Miss Lottie Turley, Secretary, 
was the committee for the rural schools, with the teachers as 
the chairmen of the auxiliaries in their respective schools. 

The committee for Houston consisted of Mrs. Chas. Scholi- 
bo, president ; Supt. P. W. Plorn, vice-president ; A. S. Cleve- 
land, treasurer; Miss Ada Gause, secretary, and Mr. E. M. 
Wyatt. 

The Juniors of the Houston schools made 74,889 surgical 
dressings and a great variety of other articles aggregating 
79,113. In the Manual Training department the boys made 
135 bedside tables and thirty chests for army cooking utensils, 
and a large number of checkers, checker boards and tables for 
the local camps. 

The Juniors of the rural schools manifested their patriotism 
in many ways. They made hospital garments and rugs, and 
several of the schools planted, tended and harvested Red Cross 



RED CROSS 37 



cotton patches from which they earned good sums for the 
work of the Chapter. 

Two campaigns were conducted for used clothing for ref- 
ugees, the first under the chairmanship of G. S. Patrick and 
the second under the Chapter Chairman, ^^^ A. Paddock. Many 
thousands of pounds of excellent clothing for men, women and 
children was contributed. 

A unique feature of the reclamation work of the Chapter 
was conducted by Mrs. B. Watkins in the gleaning of many 
cotton fields after the harvest by school children and others 
in the fall of 1917 and the planting, cultivation and gathering 
of a cotton patch of several acres, aided by Mr. Asa Read, 
cotton broker, which netted $569.40 for the Chapter. The 
gleanings of the Almeda district netted $148.20 and of Alief 
$219.22. There were many small amounts. 

Under the direction of ]\Ir. E. K. Dillingham, chairman, a 
campaign for fruit pits and nut shells for the making of char- 
coal for gas masks was conducted and hundreds of ]K)unds 
were gathered. Tlic campaign was in lull swing when tlie 
armistice was signed. 

A Motor Corps was organized in the summer of 1918 under 
the direction of Mrs. C. C. Crawford. Women becoming num- 
bers volunteered their time and the service of their cars, in- 
cluding maintenance. The Corps consisted of 49 members and 
the following will give some idea of the service rendered: 

To Salvage Dei)artnu'nt \\v(\ Cross 187^j liours 

To ^'. \\'. C. A 82 

To Housing Bureau of W. C. C. S 127 K' " 

To Canteen 168 

To Convalescent Home 35 Yz 

To Home Service Plouston Chapter 482]/^ 

To Home Service Southwestern Division 367^/2 

To Red Cross Headquarters 140 V2 

To Home Service Medical Division 142j/2 

To U. S. Bureau Allotments and Allowances 15 

To Visiting Committee 12^/2 

To A. R. C. Field Director 505 |^ 

To Quartermasters Department 6^ 

To U. W. W. Cami)aign 129>4 " 

2401 >/> " 
Unfler the management of the College Women's Club, Dr. 
Xorma Ellis Israel, president, and Mrs. C. C. Crawford, secre- 
tary, a Red Cross Salvage Department was organized in the 
sj)ring of 1918. Mrs. C. S. Kaw has been the eflficient manager 
of this de])artmcnt, which has had a remarkable career in 



38 RED CROSS 



"turning trash into cash." All varieties of cast-off articles, 
and some articles of considerable value, have been gathered 
and sold and the result to the Chapter has been $4400.00 at a 
modest cost for maintenance. 

The spirit of the women of Houston expressed itself beauti- 
fully in their response to the Camp Logan appeal to assist in 
mending uniforms, and thousands of uniforms were reclaimed 
through their handiwork at a time when this work was of such 
magnitude that it could not be cared for by the army tailors. 
Overcoats, coats and trousers were patched and buttons sup- 
plied that uniforms might again be issued when the govern- 
ment was unable to clothe the fast multiplying recruits. 

The magnitude of the Houston Chapter, American Red 
Cross, is perhaps best shown in the financial report below: 

Receipts — From April, 1917, to June 1, 1919: 

Auxiliary contributions $ 29,125.14 

Donations 13,423.60 

Memberships 100,683.84 

Salvage 4,400.00 

1917 War Fund 246,808.72 

1918 War Fund 464,789.36 

Miscellaneous 8,354.58 $867,585.24 

Disbursements : 

National Red Cross $612,467.74 

Raw Material 122,062.42 

Home Service, Canteen and Sundries 58,718.42 

Office Expense 2,644.13 

Clerical Expense. 4,669.01 $800,561.72 

Balance in Bank $ 67,023.52 

At the annual meeting in November, 1918, the following 
were elected as an Executive Committee : Mrs. Luke C. Brad- 
ley, Mrs. Denton W. Cooley, Miss Florence Sterling, Mrs. Max 
Taub, Mrs. C. D. Golding, Mrs. W. E. Jones, Mrs. N. E. Mea- 
dor, Miss Minnette Paine, Hon. Ben Campbell, Robert Boggs, 

A. S. Cleveland, E. K. Dillingham, DeWitt C. Dunn, W. S. 
Farish, Herbert Godwin, F. M. Law, Abe M. Levy, Dr. Hiram 

B. Harrison. 

After several unsuccessful attempts on the part of the Exec- 
utive Committee to secure a chairman of the Chapter on Feb- 
ruary 10, 1919, Mr. W. A. Paddock was elected chairman, the 
old officers having held over until that date. Besides the 
chairman the new officers elected and beginning service Feb- 
ruary 10 were: Mrs. W. C. Heyne, vice-chairman; Mrs. A. 
S. O'Brien, secretary; DeWitt C. Dunn, treasurer. 



RED CROSS ^^ 



Dr Hira,n B. Harrison is pastor of «« F*-* C°ngregational 

cessor until February, 1919. 

rlpfatip-able in their devotion. 

Mrs N E ileador as purchasing com.nittee and superv.sor 
of .vomen-s\ork directed .omen's work "•-' J~\'f,f^^ 

Miss Minnette Paine, as soon as war "-7 .^ec ared at her 

w°th rare skill. Her able attendants were M,s. \\ . t. He>ne. 
ns, ector, ^v ith a splendid corps ot nistrnctors 

A rs W E Tones organized the knitting depart.nent and 
carried U fo^wi^d -th^^reat success yidchng^t Mrs. .C. 

reXgfd'fol^c: rSefs l^'^l-ri!;:- conducted this 
"S?:r M^^irr r :: r thf::w.ng department .nd 

ii£:l'r;:d'rierw:;r:;'^r^rw;-^c^i:f ; 

Chi e urepared the garments from the raw materials. 

wi h a ^otrpo^tuM^l women, with their own ha,Kl^^^^^^^^^^ 
the large output of our sewmg rooms wUh great .. 

'"if wor-MTe'^mr!- volumes to enuuK-rate the large n„n„,er of 

''\T";;n\"rm9"a':l'm:nt was started in the Chapter to 
org m e-classes, throughout the county, in ^^^^^^ 

h ™n?erof hL^ County, the only charge being 45 cM, 
for the textl>ook. The instructors are paid by the Chapter. 



40 RED CROSS 



On October 1st, 1919, classes in Home Hygiene began with 
five hundred women enrolled. Other classes are forming and 
will start in fifteen days. 

The Houston Chapter has sent to Goose Creek and Crosby 
a Public Health Nurse, paying all expenses. Her services will 
be free to the people and she will promote interest in child 
welfare. 

NORTH SIDE BRANCH RED CROSS 
Mrs. M. J. Heaney, Chairman 

This Chapter was organized March 5, 1918, with a registered 
membership of 212 North Side women. It was through the 
efforts of Mrs. M. J. Heaney that this branch was organized 
and she was elected chairman; Mrs. O'Donnell, first vice-presi- 
dent; Mrs. Jones, second vice-president; Mrs. O. W. Staley, 
secretary, and Mrs. W. E. Gilliland, treasurer. Splendid work 
was done by this Chapter. 32,000 surgical dressings were 
made and more than 800 hospital garments, also much knit- 
ting was done. They also did much canteen work and assisted 
with all membership drives, Liberty Bond and Thrift Stamp 
sales. 

Mrs. Heaney alone put in over 2000 hours in the Red Cross 
rooms and was often heard to say that her time belonged to 
her government. Mrs. Heaney has only one child, Harry 
Heaney, who is proud of his mother and her patriotic work, 
and he has a right to be. 

SOUTHLAND STUDY CLUB 

Southland Study Club Auxiliary gave splendid service at Red 
Cross headquarters and also donated a considerable sum of 
money for Red Cross work. Mrs. W. E. Southward, president ; 
Mrs. R. H. Spencer, vice-president ; Mrs. C. L. Belz, secretary; 
Mrs. C. H. Stanclifif, corresponding secretary; Mrs. Lewis 
Fogle, treasurer. Some other members were Mrs. D. D. Hutch- 
inson, Mrs. F. C. Jones, Mrs. Paul Kayser, Mrs. C. S. Preston, 
Mrs. M. B. Stokes, Mrs. Burton Thorning and Mrs. W. W. 
Westgate. 



RED CROSS 



41 



CANTEEN SERVICE, AMERICAN RED CROSS 

Houston. Texas. Date of Enrollment. May 28, 1918 

Mrs. W. E. Gilliland, Com- 
mandant. 

Major Adele Townes, First 
Assistant. 

Major Esther Guenard. As- 
sistant. 

Mrs. F. L. Jones, Secretary. 

Captains : Mrs. Hans Busch, 
:\Irs. David Duller. Mrs. H. 

C. Bancroft, Mrs. Rufus 
Cage, Mrs. E. A. Coel. 
Mrs. Myra Gammill. ]Mrs. 

D. M. Tourtellot. 

First Lieutenants, First As- 
sistants to Captain 

Lieut. Mary Miller 

Mrs. H. K. Read 

Mrs. Moses 

Mrs. G. S. Warner 

Mrs. Charles King 

Miss Florence Ward 

Mrs. M. S. Kerr MRS. w. e. gilliland 

Mrs. Ashlev Denton Chairman Red Cross Canteen 





Red Cross Canteen 



42 RED CROSS 



Canteen Workers 

Mrs. W. E. Gilliland, Commandant; Mrs. Adele Townes, 
Major ; Mrs. Esther Guenard, Major ; Mrs. Hans Busch, Cap- 
tain ; Mrs. Kennerly, Mrs. Dailey, Mrs. King, Mrs. Bancroft, 
Mrs. Read, Mrs. Moses, Mrs. Black, Mrs. Coel, Miss Barr, 
Mrs. Cage, Mrs. Ashley Denton, Mrs. A. R. Nunn, Mrs. Whit- 
mer, Mrs. Hawley, Mrs. Mausbach, Miss Olchewske, Miss Mil- 
ler, Mrs. Gaskill, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Postum, Miss Ward, Mrs. 
Shutt, Mrs. Gammill, Mrs. M. S. Kerr, Mrs. Decker, Mrs. W. 
P. Richardson, Mrs. Sidney Huston. 

Canteen work at the depots was originally under the leader- 
ship of Mrs. E. C. Moore. May, 1919, Mrs. W. E. Gilliland 
was chosen as commandant. She had worked with Mrs. Moore 
and was chosen for her splendid executive ability. 

Not enough can be said of these wonderful canteen workers. 
Many have done well ; these ladies have truly excelled. Only 
think of women getting up all times of the night to go through 
cold and rain to meet trains and serve coffee and sandwiches 
to the boys. The work has been exceedingly heavy since Mrs. 
Gilliland took charge, for not only all the home-coming men 
had to be fed but many thousands that were passing through. 

When the Czecho-Slovak troops passed through there were 
two other troop trains the same day, making in all over three 
thousand men. A number of these workers at that time served 
36 hours without rest. 

During the home-coming period a constant stream of sol- 
diers poured in and out of the hut and the neat, efficient way 
they were served was truly marvelous. 

From May to October there were 65,330 soldiers, sailors and 
marines served, sometimes with chicken dinners, ice cream 
and home-made cakes ; hot biscuits were served almost every 
morning. Altogether 3,493 gallons of coffee were served, 3000 
gallons ice cream, 7000 gallons iced drinks, 44,784 cigarettes, 
20,000 postal cards, 75,000 full meals. 

Mrs. Gilliland is also a church worker, president of the 
Wednesday Club, chairman of Equal Suffrage at North Side 
and she helped with all drives for Red Cross, United War 
Work, Liberty Loan, etc. 



RED CROSS 



43 



ROSTER OF RED CROSS INSTRUCTORS 



Miss Minnette Payne 

Mrs. W. C. Heyne 

Miss Frankie Heyne 

Mrs. Carl H. Ries 

Miss Zillah Short 

Mrs. R. S. Sterling 

Mrs. W. S. Hunt 

Miss Ada Carlton 

Mrs. C. B. Harwood 

Miss Margaret Dubose 

Mrs. Luke C. Bradley 

Mrs. W. E. Jones 

Mrs. \\'. Palmer Hutcheson 

Mrs. J. C. Hutcheson 

Mrs. \V. A. Sherman 

:Mrs. Richard Edwards 

Mrs. Emily S. Evans 

Mrs. Mary C. Grace 

Miss Kathleen ]\Iunn 

Mrs. David Procter 

Mrs. H. B. Sewall 

Mrs. Alfred R. Washington 

Mrs. Edith Goar 

Miss Mary Taylor I'.onncr 

Miss Susie Creightcm 

Mrs. J. E. Fisher 

Miss Rachel iMalavinsky 

Miss Leona Stanley 

Miss Daisy White 

Miss Hattie Lei Red 

Mrs. E. L Shordon 

Mrs. Meredith 

Mrs. F. 1^>. Wilkes 

Mrs. Anne V. Foster 

Miss Lois Cleveland 

Mrs. B. F. Coop 

Mrs. Denton Cooley 

Mrs. J. W. Woods 

Mrs. W. A. Renn 

Mrs. W. J. Matthews 

Mrs. J. M. Pever 

Mrs. Julia ^\'clls 

Mrs. Wm. Shecter 

Mrs. E. Ketchum 

Mrs. Van Liew 



Miss Eleanor Jones 
Mrs. Beatrice B. Prince 
Miss Marjorie Dorrance 
Miss Laura Rice 
]\Iiss Lottie B. Rice 
Mrs. L Rothschild 
Mrs. Dan Smith 
Mrs. Sol Oberdorfer 
]\Irs. H. A. Wittemore 
INIrs. Angie M. Phillips 
Mrs. W\ T. Magee 
]\Iiss Rosalie Hutcheson 
:\Irs. Bettie Moody Lyons 
Mrs. Lina Martin 
Miss Florence Wilson 
Mrs. Marv M. Abbie 
Miss Ruth Clark 
Mrs. Sallie S. Horton 
Mrs. Anita F. Sewall 
Mrs. Ben Bering 
Mrs. Emma Leslie Dixon 
Mrs. Katherine Jackson 
?\Irs. Corine Shaffer 
Mrs. Blanch Scholibo 
Miss Caroline Shipp 
Mrs. Jessie Morse Shii)p 
Miss Lottie Porter Dillingham 
Miss Claire Carter 
Miss Iva Carter 
Miss Ida Gauze 
Mrs. Margaret Dickson 
Miss Pauline Dillingliani 
Miss Clara Frank 
Mrs. Alice Rousseau 
Mrs. Edith Beach 
Mrs. Antoinette Styron 
Mrs. Jeanette Porter Spotts 
Miss Eloise Dillaye 
Mrs. Bessie Wright Briggs 
Mrs. Nina Angell Seward 
Mrs. Fannie McCullough 
Mrs. Mary Carr Anderson 
Mrs. Grace A. Vallas 
Mrs. Katherine IluwcilcT 
Mrs. Edith O'Neill 



44 



RED CROSS 



Mrs. Inez Smith Tuffley Mrs. 

Miss Rose McLaughlin Mrs. 

Mrs. Gladys B. Ward Mrs. 

Mrs. Katherine F. Button Miss 

Mrs. Adel S. Wharton Miss 

Miss Carrie Scott Miss 

Miss Fannie McAshan Miss 

Mrs. Mabel H. Gahagen Miss 

Mrs. Ada R. Yeager Mrs. 

Mrs. Alice A. Clark Mrs. 

Mrs. Virginia DeLisle Miss 

Mrs. Lee H. Drummond Mrs. 

Mrs. Mary G. Lockwood Mrs. 

Mrs. Emma R. BrarLch Mrs. 

Mrs. Fannie Dermody Mrs. 
Miss Emma Esslinger 



Betty Shannon Ellis 

Lillian D. Warner 

Alice Shutt 

Cora Louise Bryan 

Margaret Scott 

Kathleen Haskell 

Ann Gifford 

Eric Thelma Buckner 

Florence Parkhill 

Margaret Pincenshan 

Emilie Stude 

James Radford 

J. F. Burton 

Rena C. Bryam 

Lelia M. Fellows 



HOUSEWIVES' LEAGUE RED CROSS AUXILIARY 
Mrs. Ida FrGmm, Chairman 




Mrs. P. B. David 
Secretary- 



Mrs. Ida Fromm 
Chairman 



Mrs. L. G. Dreylin^ 
Instructor 



This auxiliary was organized by Mrs. Sidney Huston and 
Mrs. E. A. Calvin. Mrs. Calvin had to leave Houston for Wash- 
ington, D. C, and Mrs. Huston's health failed, so Mrs. Ida 
Fromm was elected chairman. Mrs. Fromm took charge in 
her usual earnest manner and a wonderful amount of work 
was accomplished. The League had its own work-room and 
locker where supplies were kept ; they also had sewing ma- 
chines where hospital garments were made. 

At first Mrs. S. M. Frank was instructor, later Mrs. L. G. 



RED CROSS 




Mrs. Decker 



Mrs. White 



Mrs. Frickman 



Mrs. Grorschke 



Mrs. Boysen 



Dreyling became instructor and remained with the organiza- 
tion until all Red Cross work was abandoned. 

Some of the best workers in the city belonged to this auxil- 
iary, five received the service medal, all the others did splendid 
work not only in surgical dressings and hospital garments, but 
with Liberty Bonds, Thrift Stamps, money raising for all 
drives, etc. Some of the ladies who deserve special mention 
are as follows : Mrs. P. B. David, secretary ; Mrs. Amele Deck- 
er, chairman of hospital garments ; Mrs. Roena Nickols, chair- 
man of cutting; Miss Juanita Frickman, general helper. 

Several other organizations worked with the Housewives' 
League under Mrs. Fromm's leadership: The Second Ward 
Civic Club, with Mrs. Geo. Fromm as chairman ; the Rebekahs, 
Houston Lodge 192, with Mrs. J. H. Yale as chairman; the 
Knights and Ladies of Security, with Mrs. L. M. White as 
chairman. Other ladies deserving of special mention are : 
Mrs. R. B. White, Mrs. B. M. Bovsen, Mrs. Wm. \\'eaver, Mrs. 
Edith Hubbard, Mrs. J. J. Whitny, Mrs. \\'. J. Wade, Mrs. E. 
L. Jordan, Mrs. W. P. Wells, Mrs. M. J. Nelson, Mrs. D. M. 
Glugish. Mrs. Leo Furman, Miss Leona Westheimer, Mrs. L. 
D. Vanguard, AL's. Lillian Woodard, Mrs. P. A. Richarz, Mrs. 
T. J. Ewing. Mrs. Willie Bickel, Mrs. J. E. Lively. Mrs. Eliza 
Granger, Mrs. DeLesternier. Mrs. S. Thurmond and Mrs. E. 
D. Harlow. 

Mrs. Fromm was also a block chairman, always comninnd- 
ing a large committee of workers during all the drives for Red 
Cross, United War Workers, Armenian Relief. Jewish Relief, 
etc. She was also on hand at all the home-coming entertain- 
ments. She provided several hundred home-made cakes for 
the men and never at any time failed to be on hand when as- 
sistance of any nature was needed. Mrs. Fromm is also a 
War Mother. 



46 RED CROSS 



THE CLARA BARTON RED CROSS AUXILIARY 

Pensonnel : Mrs. A. L. Nelms, Chairman ; Mrs. George 
Scheultz, Treasurer; Mrs. Walter L. Conover, Secretary; Mrs. 
E. V. Gearing, Mrs. H. M. Curtin, Mrs. Walter R. Jones, Mrs. 
L. E. Krausse, Mrs. J. H. Branard, Mrs. Sterling Myer, Mrs. 
Jesse Goss, Mrs. G. W. Heinzelman, Miss Mackeye Surles, 
Mrs. Eddie Tanner. 

The Clara Barton Auxiliary raised and spent more than two 
thousand dollars during the war. The funds were procured by 
the sale of dolls, dressed by Miss Tanner and Mrs. Nelms, at 
whose home the Auxiliary held its meetings. 

Besides making the hundreds of sweaters, socks, Belgian 
relief garments, etc., the Auxiliary made and filled twenty-five 
hundred Christmas stockings which were sent to the sick and 
wounded soldiers at the base hospitals at Camp Logan and 
Ellington Field. 

At Easter several Easter baskets with dozens of eggs were 
enjoyed by the Red Cross nurses and their patients. 

THE RED CROSS AUXILIARY OF THE HARRIS COUNTY 
MEDICAL SOCIETY 

"And ye shall succor men ; 
'Tis nobleness to serve." 

Each woman, heart filled with tender compassion, wishing 
"to do her bit," to give freely of her time and strength during 
the dark days which had come upon the world, realizing that 
"in unity there is strength," the doctors' wives of the Harris 
County Medical Society early in 1917 organized for Red Cross 
work. 

The first meetings were held at the home of the chairman, 
Mrs. Wallace Ralston, where, inspired by her interest and zeal 
and that of her successor, Mrs. S. M. Lister, much earnest 
work was done. With fall came the need for a central location 
and larger rooms, so the Red Cross Auxiliary of the Harris 
County Medical Society, increased in numbers, met either in 
the Medical Society hall or at Red Cross headquarters, with 
the following members enrolled : Mmes. Howard, Graves, 
Lister, Foster, Dickson, Greenwood, Norsworthy, Short, Gray, 
Spivak, Priester, Archer, Flickwir, Harwood, Green, Red, 
Thorning, Cunningham, J. C. Ellis, Reed, B. V. Ellis, Barrell, 
Greer, Kirkham, Scott. In addition to the regular members, 
others, among whom were the wives of doctors stationed at 
Camp Logan, gave much and appreciated assistance. 

Under the able leadership of Mmes. Philo Howard and Ralph 
Graves, successive chairmen, regular sessions were held two 



RED CROSS 47 



days per week until the signing of the armistice, with as many 
extra ones as needed. When, in December, 1917, the call came 
for an extra large quota of surgical dressings, for two weeks 
the Auxiliary worked every day ; and with the valued help of 
friends, a great deal was accomplished for our own boys and 
those of our allies ; one item was 560 five-yard rolls. 

All meetings were conducted in accordance with Red Cross 
regulations. The work was under the direction and inspection 
of instructors, Mmes. Flickwir, Harwood, Foster, Howard and 
Dickson serving at different times in this capacity. 

In April. 1918. wishing to raise extra funds for the purchase 
of materials (these having always been paid for), and knowing 
that "all work and no play." etc., it was decided to give a bene- 
fit card partv. The wisdom of the decision was proven by the 
outcome. So glad was every one for a little diversion that the 
chance to play cards for a worthy cause was hailed with de- 
light, and it was truly a "1)1^1^11" in a doul)le sense. 

The Render Hotel gave the use of the ball room, the mer- 
chants, druggists, jewelers, florists and others donated most of 
the prizes ; the furniture stores loaned the tables and chairs ; 
in fact, every one was so willingly helpful, the card party was 
a pleasure and success— and the sum of $210.00 was realized 
as clear profit. Of this amount. $150.00 was turned in to the 
Red Cross, the remaining $60.00 banked tor the Auxiliary's 
future use. \\'hen came the armistice, as there was no further 
need for surgical supplies, this $60.00 was divided among local 
organizations, given where it was thought to be most needed. 
The object of this Auxiliary— to do all to aid the great cause 
in every possible way— was upheld at all times; and ihv num- 
bers were ever ready to meet any and all calls from the Kcd 
Cross. 

While l)c-lieving that— 

"None shall work for honor 
"None shall work for lame." 

yet, to feel thev had some part in alleviating the awful >u tier- 
ing'; to know that the hours spent in making surgical dressings 
resulted in saving lives on the battle-scarred fields and in the 
hospitals— is a great, grand, wonderful reward tor all. a cher- 
ished memory uhich will linger as long as 'I'iine shall last. 

For — 

"We need, each and all of us, to be needed, 
To feel we have something to give — 

Then onlv we know that we live." 



RED CROSS 



FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH AUXILIARY TO RED 

CROSS 

The first meeting of this Auxiliary was held in the Kinder- 
garten rooms of the First Christian Church, Main and Bell, on 
the 24th day of July, 1917. There were twenty present on the 
date of organization and it was voted to give one day each 
week to the work. A little later two days a week were given 
to the work, and then as the need grew greater every day in 
the week was given except Saturday. 

One hundred and twelve ladies were registered with this 
Auxiliary, all having attended more than one meeting. It was 
non-sectarian, the only requirement was a willingness on the 
part of the members to obey instructions which came from 
headquarters. There were young ladies from the teen age to 
the age of seventy-five all working harmoniously to do their 
part in the great world war. 

The work was not confined to one branch, but was first 
started with the making of surgical dressings, then the making 
of hospital garments and refugee garments, followed by knit- 
ting. The knitting was all done in the home, no work of this 
kind being done in the Auxiliary rooms, unless the knitter 
came for some instruction. 

The following ladies gave 800 or more hours to Red Cross 
work from the date of organization to the time of closing in 
April, 1919: 

Hours 

Fellows, Mrs. Lelia M., Instructor and Chairman 2,400 

Byram, Mrs. Rena C, Instructor-Secretary.. 2,400 

Redding, Mrs. Sophia 1,819 

Schleeter, Mrs. Leta V 1,070 

Allen, Mrs. E. O - 900 

Edmundson, Mrs. J. E 900 

Trotter, M rs. Flora 848 

Karn, Mrs. Evelyn P 824 

Hunter, Mrs. Evelyn 1,166 

Moore, Mrs. Annie (to Social Service 30 hours) 1,018 

Jones, Miss Laura 852 

Fellows, Mrs. C. J 824 

Campbell, Mrs. Mattie May 810 

In addition to those mentioned as giving over 800 hours 
there were seven ladies who gave more than 500 hours to this 
Auxiliary work, and 101 who gave less than 500 hours. 

From July, 1917, to April, 1919, this Auxiliary held one hun- 
dred and thirty all-day meetings. Made 39,430 surgical dress- 
ings ; 2,525 hospital garments ; 630 refugee garments, and 692 
knitted articles. 



RED CROSS 49 



FINAL REPORT EASTWOOD RED CROSS AUXILIARY 

The ladies of the Eastwood School District organized their 
Red Cross Auxiliary on May 24, 1918, with ^Irs. Walter Cock- 
rell as chairman, Mrs. E. E. Clark, vice-chairman ; Mrs. M. D. 
Carlisle, secretary, and Mrs. ^l. W. Lehmann. treasurer, hav- 
ing a membership of 43, a large number of whom, however, 
were unable to give full support. Active organized effort was 
suspended during July and August on account of the absence 
of Mrs. Cockrell, the chairman, but was resumed in September 
and pushed aggressively until November under the chairman- 
ship of Mrs. Clark. 

This Auxiliary had to labor under many dift'iculties, being 
unable to secure possession of the school building, the only 
available place to work, until after school hours, but in the 
face of this, promptly got out all quotas of work assigned. 
The principal undertaking of this Auxiliary was the making of 
various kinds of surgical dressings, of which about 7,000 were 
made, although many knitted garments, convalescent robes, 
and Belgian clothes were made by individuals at home, besides 
$24.42 expended for Christmas boxes for soldiers overseas. 

Meetings were held two afternoons each week, each member 
giving a free-will offering to help finance the work, all mate- 
rials used being paid for by funds raised by the Auxiliary by 
special benefits, individual offerings, a donation from the East- 
wood Embroidery Club, etc., the balance of funds on hand 
amounting to $67.21 being turned over to the Houston Head- 
quarters of the American Red Cross for relief work. Much 
credit is due the members for zealous and earnest effort, and 
to the officers for faithful performance of duty. 

THE WOMEN'S CLUB OF THE SECOND WARD 

The Women's Club of the Second Ward was organized Feb- 
ruary 19. 1908. The chief object of this club was the better- 
ment of the community around the Rusk School. Wherever a 
helping hand was needed we were ready to do our share. 

Our club was the first in the city to establish an emergency 
closet, in which all necessities for a sick room were to be had, 
nightgowns, towels, sheets, pillow cases, etc. About six years 
ago we gave to the community a baby chest and promised 
never to let it be empty. Our promise still holds good, as we 
are still sewing for the needy babies. 

When the war broke out we immediately organized a Red 
Cross Auxiliary and accomplished a good bit of work. The 
Rusk Settlement Auxiliary consisted of 25 adult members and 
met twice a week at Rusk School to make surgical dressings. 



50 RED CROSS 



At home some of our members knitted such as helmets, sweat- 
ers, mufflers and socks, while others sewed hospital garments. 

Even at our regular weekly club meetings we were never 
idle, on those occasions we hemmed napkins and sheets and 
made kits for our soldier boys. Numerous times we were asked 
to help our city clinic with furnishing some special dressing. 

Even the Junior Red Cross members helped, those too small 
to make surgical dressings knitted little squares or quilts to 
be sent to Belgium. All of the children helped in staging a 
big circus on Rusk School grounds with the profits of which 
we adopted a French war orphan. 

Under the leadership of our chairman, Mrs. R. Balsam, we 
were ever ready to help. Many times we entertained soldiers. 
We took part in the big Red Cross parade, helped with every 
campaign that ever was carried on. Our members sold Liberty 
Bonds and War Savings Stamps, helped to solicit for the W. 
C. C. and Red Cross drives, and are still in the game, to serve 
wherever they are needed. No worthy cause was ever ignored 
by this club and never will be, as long as they have any old 
members left in the club. The present officers are : President, 
Mrs. Joe Hauck ; Secretary, Mrs. R. Balsam; Treasurer, Mrs. 
T. J. Farral. 

FANNIN SCHOOL AUXILIARY 

Mrs. S. M. Eister, chairman; Mrs. A. S. Foote, vice-chair- 
man; Mrs. W. J. Dermody and Mrs. Herbert Gates, instruc- 
tors. It was a surgical dressing auxiliary. In May a chil- 
dren's entertainment was given at the Auditorium, netting 
$250.00, which was turned in to Red Cross Headquarters to 
pay for materials. There was $103.81 left when the Auxiliary 
closed; this was left with headquarters. 

Some of the regular workers were : Mrs. H. A. Van Eaton, 
Mrs. Ed. Heyne, Mrs. Kelley, Mrs. Robert Farmer, Mrs. W. 
M. Haley, Mrs. G. M. Beck, Mrs. Lang, Mrs. Flynn, Mrs. O. 
L. Tabor, Mrs. Heyser, Mrs. W. A. Burkitt, Mrs. T. Ricketts, 
Mrs. H. L. Mitchell, Mrs. G. S. Anderson. 

CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN AUXILIARY 

The Red Cross Auxiliary of the Central Presbyterian Church 
was organized April, 1918, with twenty-three charter mem- 
bers. Mrs. H. C. Talbot was appointed chairman of the Auxil- 
iary and served faithfully for one year. The Auxiliary met 
twice each week and faithfully performed all services in behalf 
of the nation and her men at arms. Two members v/ent from 
this Auxiliary as active war workers with the Red Cross, Mrs. 
Ora Chapman and Miss Florence Wright. In 1918 the Auxil- 



RED CROSS 



51 



iary made 343 hospital garments, knitted 80 garments, made 
275 refugee garments and mended 92 overcoats for the sol- 
diers. 

In April, 1919, Airs. J. C. Benziger succeeded Mrs. Talbot 
as chairman. The Auxiliary continued to do good work and 
161 refugee garments and four knitted garments were made. 

Several of the members of this Auxiliary served faithfully 
in the drives and other Red Cross activities. Some of the first 
members moved to other cities but additional members jomed 
later The membership of the Auxiliary was: Mrs. A. C. 
Buchanan, Mrs. H. C. Talbot, Mrs. F. C. Kerns, Mrs. O. F. 
Bartine, Mrs. Jake Armstrong, Mrs. H. A. Newman, Mrs J. 
W Barnhill, Mrs. J. C. Benziger, Mrs. W. S. Shoemaker Mrs. 
D H Miller, Mrs. A. DeLisle, Mrs. A. P. Strode, Mrs. H. M. 
Heyde Mrs. C. F. Jewett, Mrs. E. R. Johnson, Mrs. J. H. Hut- 
ton Airs W. Clvde Howard, Airs. Anna Sproul, Airs. O. L. 
Wilkins, Mrs. J. T. Scott, Airs. C. R. Weeks Mrs. R. F. Butts, 
Airs \ H Buxton, Airs. J. W. Brelstord, Airs. H. E. Crate, 
Mrs Aubrey Fones, Airs. R. A. Fones, Airs. J. H. Lyon, Mrs. 
Fred Gann. Mrs. Casey, Mrs. T. P. McLane, Mrs. W. H Bar- 
rett Airs H. R. Alizner, Airs. L. K. Jewett, Airs. Fred Roach, 
Aliss Fanny Fowler, Aliss Alary Buchanan, AIiss Alfreda Jen- 
kins. 

FIRST EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH 

Texas Ave. and Caroline St. 
Pastor, Rev. D. Baltzer 

When the United States Govern- 
ment appealed to the churches for 
active support and co-operation in 
the prosecution of the great war in 
all of its many phases, an eager and 
willing response manifested itself 
the country over. Everywhere the 
many forces and organizations of the 
churches were mobilized and when 
the churches of our busy and pro- 
gressive city began to stir them- 
selves, the First Evangelical Luth- 
eran Church was also glad of the op- 
portunity to render whatever serv- 
ice it could for the patriotic and loyal 
support of the country's cause. Un- 
der the able leadership of Rev. Paul V. Dyck, who was pastor 
of the cliurch at that time, the various societies and organi- 




Mrs. J. E. Sternenberg 



52 RED CROSS 



zations of the church were enhsted for this noble and impor- 
tant work. 

The financial end of the war was given first consideration. 
The members and friends of the church were urged to con- 
tribute their financial support and aid and when an official 
committee was appointed with Mr. H. E. Detering acting as 
chairman for the Third Liberty Loan drive, the issue for which 
the special support of the churches was requested by the Gov- 
ernment, a total of $56,000.00 worth of bonds was sold. It is 
safe to say, since complete figures are not available covering 
all loans, that a grand total ranging between $190,000.00 and 
$200,000.00 was subscribed to for War Bonds within the bounds 
of the congregation. In the Sunday School over $500.00 worth 
of War Savings Stamps were disposed of among the pupils. 
The various campaigns for the support of the American Red 
Cross, the Y. M. C. A. and the other war activities overseas 
and in and about the camps also received most liberal finan- 
cial support. 

Their Red Cross Auxiliary was organized January 14, 1918, 
under the efficient leadership of Mrs. J. E. Sternenberg. All 
material used was paid for and then turned over to the Amer-. 
ican Red Cross. In order to do this every member paid 25 
cents per month as dues and not a few donated liberally. An- 
other source of income was provided for by the salvage sales 
in which used wearing apparel and donated articles were sold 
at public auction. The following report of the chairman rep- 
resents in figures the work accomplished by the Auxiliary : 

Dues and donations received, $422.78; cost of supplies, 
$140.82; other expenses, $43.20; cash deposit with American 
Red Cross, $380.58; cash to credit of Auxiliary and donated to 
Red Cross, $224.71. Work finished: Surgical dressings, 
12,235; repairing soldier coats, 55; sweaters, 9; scarfs, 1; 
helmets, 4; socks, 9; refugee dresses, 12. 

There were thirty-nine stars in the service flag and one gold 
star. Lawrence Jensen was one of the first Houston boys to 
be called upon to make the supreme sacrifice on the battlefield 
in France. In Belleau Wood on the 4th of June he fell with 
many other brave youths as a member of U. S. Marines. May 
he rest in peace. He was a faithful Sunday School worker 
where he served as attendance secretary. All of our boys are 
glad to have had an opportunity to serve their country and feel 
that they have only been trained to fight life's daily battles as 
real, red-blooded men. 



RED CROSS 53 



UNITARIAN CHURCH AUXILIARY 

Mrs. D. \\'. \\'hipple was chairman of the Unitarian Church 
Red Cross AuxiHary. Her auxiliary gave splendid service at 
headquarters. 

FULLERTON SCHOOL AUXILIARY 

]\Irs. W. L. Shepherd was chairman of the Fullerton Auxil- 
iary in which all of the ladies of this church took part, and a 
number of their people helped sell War Savings Stamps and 
Liberty Bonds. 

McKEE STREET METHODIST CHURCH RED CROSS 
AUXILIARY 

Was organized July 24, 1917, with Mrs. W. E. Mitchell chair- 
man. They soon had over 40 members and met twice weekly 
in the Young Women's Co-Operative Home. Miss Frankie 
Heyne and Mrs. J. A. Clark served as instructors in surgical 
dressings and Miss Zella Short as instructor in knitting. 

Total number of dressings and garments made by this auxil- 
iary were as follows : Surgical dressings, 20,375 ; knitted gar- 
ments, 502; refugee garments, 500. 

Members of Auxiliary were : Mrs. W. E. IMitchell, chair- 
man ; ]\Irs. Alice Allan Clark, secretary; Mesdames E. C. Dug- 
gan, Geo. Hope, R. Fox. E. N. Williams, A. M. Fredeen, L. E. 
Cobia, L. L. Reber, Fred Seibert, Louis Seibert, E. M. Young, 
Geo. Robertson, C. W. Powell, C. W. Conners, J. M. Hogan, 
M. Lamana, R. Fraychinsa, M. M. Massie, Charles Murphy, O. 
Havward. J. P.. Oliver. E. R. Gammon. L B. Manlv, H. E. Wil- 
son. B. H. Ellis. W. A. Chun. H. B. Couchman. H. H. Duna- 
hugh. J. M. Bourland, M. ]\I. P)uyers, A. E. Canedy. C. L. Good- 
ell. H. E. Wilson, K. C. Lowrie. J. A. Riley, D. Mullane. H. B. 
Bridges, James Cuny, E. V. Young, G. Pickett, E. L. Lalvet, 
B. Hendrix, J. L. Mitchell, C. Alonlein, J. O. Stewart, Hobgood, 
J. W. Mandrill, Botts, Batton ; Misses Annie Alfred, Sue Cole, 
Janie Mullane. i\Iarie Lamana, Dorace Seibert. Jean Walker, 
Clarice Seibert, Bertha Hogan, Helen Gainey. 

THE THURSDAY AUXILIARY OF THE RED CROSS 

Was organized October 4, 1917, under the auspices of the 
Current Literature Club at the home of Mrs. H. H. Cooper, 
who so graciously opened her home for the work. Mrs. H. K. 
Read was appointed chairman, Mrs. W. E. Everts secretary- 
treasurer. ]\Irs. J. F. Burton instructor. The work was con- 
tinued weekly until November, 1918. There were twelve char- 



54 RED CROSS 



ter members, the organization grew to a membership of sixty 
with an average of thirty-five weekly workers. 

The work consisted of surgical dressings, 22,010; hospital 
garments, 248; refugee garments, 28; knitted garments, 414; 
125 O. D. breeches mended. $1571.75 War Savings Stamps and 
Thrift Stamps were bought by the members. 

LEVY BROS. RED CROSS AUXILIARY 

Levy Bros. Red Cross Auxiliary was self-supporting. The 
work-room was maintained on the Annex balcony, a conve- 
nient location, where the girls and women could assemble at 
their noon hour, or any spare time that could be given from 
their departments. 

Surgical dressings of all kinds, knitting, etc., was carried on. 
Aside from this work and the money turned in from the hun- 
dred per cent clubs for Red Cross, war loans. Thrift Stamps, 
etc., the employes gave a benefit entertainment and gave over 
five hundred dollars in cash. 

Classes in home nursing and first aid were held, and from our 
number Mrs. Ora Chapman, after finishing her course of study 
at A. R. C. headquarters, went overseas and was in active 
service until the Army of Occupation was released. 

The spirit of self-sacrifice was manifested daily among the 
girls and women. Often one girl would do the work of two 
in the morning preparations for the day's business so one 
could be released to work in the Auxiliary. After a hard day's 
work, many would remain to work two hours after six and 
noon hours were devoted, etc. 

Mrs. Harriet E. Powell was chairman and Miss Mollie West- 
heimer, secretary. Each of these received the service badge 
of the A. R. C. 

TEXAS WOMAN'S FAIR RED CROSS AUXILIARY 

This auxiliary was among the first that was organized. Mrs. 
W. M. Baines was chairman. There were twenty-three mem- 
bers. Mrs. Sinclair was secretary and Mrs. Joe Palmer treas- 
urer. Mrs. E. A. Norton, Mrs. Ida Jones and Mrs. Ida Fromm 
were special assistants. 

Those who helped with the knitting were Mrs. Fromm, Mrs. 
Welch, Mrs. Nickols, Mrs. Monroe, Mrs. F. J. Ebdon, Mrs. 
Hollyfield and Miss May Baines. One hundred and fifty-four 
garments were knitted by these ladies. All these ladies gave 
more than one thousand hours each at Red Cross headquarters. 
Some in the sewing room and other surgical dressing depart- 



RED CROSS 55 



ment. Four hundred and forty dollars was made by this 
auxiliary and turned in at headquarters. Those who helped to 
make this money were Mrs. M. J. Heaney, Mrs. E. G. Burke, 
Mrs. E. A. Norton, Mrs. Ida Fromm, Mrs. Ida Jones, Mrs. A. R. 
Myers and Mrs. F. J. Ebdon. These ladies also helped Mrs. 
Baines with every other war measure while she was chairman 
of this auxiliary.' such as Liberty Bonds. Thrift Stamps, pa- 
rades, etc. Mrs. Baines also gave fifty-eight programs or 
entertainments for the enlisted men during the year of 1918. 
Thirty-eight at the Lutheran Brotherhood Home for Enlisted 
Alen where she was general chairman of entertainment ; twen- 
ty-two at Ellington Field and Camp Logan, often going to 
these places through heavy rain and cold. Names of those who 
assisted with these programs, see Entertainment Department. 

McASHAN METHODIST RED CROSS AUXILIARY 

The ladies of this church hrst worked at Red Cross Head- 
quarters under the leadership of Mrs. Welch. Later, when 
Red Cross rooms were established at Lubbock School they all 
worked there as it was much more convenient. They made 
surgical dressings and hospital garments, also did knitting and 
made garments for Belgians. Some of the principal workers 
of this church were Mrs. Welch, Mrs. Fred Binde, Miss Martha 
Binde, Mrs. A. Blondeau. Mrs. \V. H. Baines, Mrs. Ida Reese, 
Mrs. F. J. Ebdon. Mrs. Bessie Grayson, Mrs. Annie Farrer, 
Mrs. C. Munroe, Mrs. F. P. Stevenson, Mrs. L. L. llammoc, 
Mrs. C. B. Williams. Mrs. Matt Drennan, Mrs. Birdie Gilles- 
pie and Mrs. E. N. Nicholson. The last five are war mothers. 
Seven of McAshan's young men enlisted in the service: 
Mr. T. C. Mason, [esse Hammoc, Charlie Hammoc. Charlie 
Gillespie, Malcolm Drennan, C. B. Williams, Jr., and McCoy 
Nicholson. Among those who had families and could not go 
but certainly did their best to "kec]) the home fires burning" 
. were : Mr. Fred Ebdon, Mr. Lamar Kiml^le. Mr. W. H. Baines, 
Mr. A. C. Nicholson and Mr. J. M. Goodman. The war pastor 
of this church was Rev. Oscar Hooper. 

REPORT OF CATHOLIC WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE 
AMERICAN RED CROSS 

This auxiliary was opened at the beginning of Red Cross 
work in Houston in the school hall of the Church of the An- 
nunciation, where, with Mrs. Margaret Rutherford as chair- 
man, assisted by Miss Anna Hume as instructor, the work was 
carried on until September, when we were obliged to move, 
and through the courtesy of Miss Carrie Scanlan we had the 
free use of three rooms in the Scanlan Building. 



56 RED CROSS 



Mrs. Rutherford and Miss Hume were succeeded by Mrs. 
Catherine Button October 1, 1917. The instructors were Mrs. 
W. S. Hunt, Mrs. J. A. Button, Miss Rose McLaughlin, Mrs. 
Louis Tuffly and Miss Eileen McBreen. The chairmen of the 
work were as follows : Mrs. Thomas Kehoe, for the Baugh- 
ters of Isabella ; Mrs. Glass, Mrs. McGuckin, Mrs. M. L. Tuffly, 
Mrs. Button, of the sewing room; Mrs. Hunt, Mrs. Button, 
Mrs. L. Tuffly, Miss Rose McLaughlin, Miss McBreen, Mrs. 
Slack, Mrs. McEwen, and those in charge of the knitting room 
were Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Newning. In April, 1918, we 
moved to the Texas Company Building, where the Texas Com- 
pany gave us three rooms free of charge and we occupied 
these rooms up to the time we closed them for lack of work in 
these lines in April, 1919. We had plenty of good workers and 
each chairman had her day full from 9 a. m. till 5 p. m. We 
worked five days a week. 

The Catholic Woman's Auxiliary took part in every drive 
for special work in sewing and for surgical dressings, and al- 
ways went over the quota assigned ; did splendid work in War 
Savings Stamps and Liberty Loan campaigns and all drives 
were as enthusiastically carried through as was the regular 
work of the auxiliary. This was a "paid" auxiliary, paying for 
all materials used. The members paid dues, gave entertain- 
ments, etc., thus making it possible to pay for materials. The 
chairmen were selected from the Catholic churches, Baughters 
of Isabella, Newman Circle, Woman's Club. It speaks most 
eloquently of the work accomplished that nearly every worker 
in the Catholic Woman's Auxiliary is entitled to the service 
pin (with two white stripes in the setting) of the American 
Red Cross, meaning for each one over 2000 hours of work in 
this good cause. 

MRS. DENTON COOLEY 

The Red Cross record would be woefully incomplete with- 
out a few words concerning the activities of Mrs. Benton 
Cooley. She was on the board of directors all during the war 
period and is still one of its most active workers. Buring the 
strenuous period of 1918 she worked faithfully at headquar- 
ters but always found time to help with the membership drives. 
She was chairman of women in the fall drive of 1918 and also 
chairman of women in the drive of 1919. In the spring of 
1919 she was elected chairman of the Nurses' Course and over 
500 women were registered students. 

Mrs. Cooley is a Y. W. C. A. worker and is a member of the 
school board. 



RED CROSS 



57 



MISS OLIVE MARSHALL 




Red Cross worker who served 
two years in France and Germany. 
Miss Marshall served longest at 
Vierzone in the heart of France, 
where every soldier going to the 
front or coming from the front 
passed. French, English and 
American troops were alike 
served by the canteen, the French 
so polite, with a little smile and a 
salute for each cup of coffee, and 
the Americans just boys who 
were glad to get into the tent and 
lie down upon the benches or ta- 
bles to sleep. 

Miss Marshall says that not enough can be said of the Amer- 
ican soldier. She thinks they are the cleanest, most upright 
men on earth. She will not talk of herself. The doughboy and 
his suffering occupy her every thought. She tells how brave 
they were, how they smile and joke even when suffering most. 
At Vierzone canteen she worked from 8 to 16 hours daily ; they 
worked in shifts of two day and night. 80.000 meals were 
served weekly at this canteen and not only were meals served 
but wounds bound up and hearts comforted. 

"It is impossible to feel that I had been of particular serv- 
ice," said Miss Marshall, "because there were such large sac- 
rifices being made by the men all the time. They were en- 
during hunger, mud, cold and rain and frequently fever and 
weakness from wounds as they waited, jollying each other 
and us, for what benefit they could get from a cup of coffee or 
chocolate, a sandwich and some cigarettes. There were such 
long, long, never ending lines of them that it seemed to us that 
what we could do for each of them was too pitifully small 
to be considered." 



58 RED CROSS 




MISS SULLIVAN 

During the entire war period Miss 
Sullivan was one of the most patri- 
otic young women that the writer 
had the pleasure of knowing, and 
just as soon as it was possible for 
her to qualify for service, she be- 
came identified with the local chap- 
ter of the Red Cross and through 
that chapter received assignment to 
report to that order in Paris for as- 
signment to the front. Just before 
leaving New York City in November 
last the armistice was signed, which, 
however, did not interfere with her 
Paris engagement. After remaining 
in service with that organization in 
France, Miss Sullivan was sent to Scotland and at the present 
time she is in Constantinople, engaged in the American Relief 
Service in the Far East. 

MRS. MAX TAUB 

Mrs. Taub was one of the most earnest directors of the 
Houston Chapter of the Red Cross. From the time of organi- 
zation until there was no further need of her services, she was 
chairman of the sewing department and personally supervised 
thousands of hospital garments and all kinds of clothing for 
overseas relief. 

The principal sub-chairmen in the sewing room were : Mrs. 
J. W. Brannon, Mrs. Frank Cross, Mrs. J. E. Morgan, Mrs. F. 
A. Toombs, Mrs. F. J. Spencer, Mrs. Russell Brown, Mrs. Geo. 
Bruce, Mrs. Sterling Myer, Mrs. J. F. Garrison, Mrs. Wm. 
Daugherty, Mrs. Ike Keller, Mrs. John Mobley, Mrs. J. A. 
Sisler, Mrs. Green, Miss Sarah Liles. 

Mrs. Taub was also chairman of an organized league for the 
protection of working women and girls and she has for a 
number of years given faithful, efficient service as a director 
of the Faith Home. 

MRS. CHAS. SCHOLIBO 

Mrs. Scholibo has headed so many really worth-while move- 
ments that one hardly knows where to begin. She has for 
years been one of Houston's hardest worked women in public 
affairs. Mrs. Scholibo's work was principally with schools and 



RED CROSS 



59 



school children. She is a State officer of the Congress of 
Mothers and spends much of her time visiting the rural dis- 
tricts, speaking at meetings of the Parent-Teachers Associa- 
tion. She was for five years on the advisory board of the city 
schools and for two years on the board of trustees, and has 
been appointed for the ensuing term of two more years. 

Mrs. Scholibo worked constantly with the children during 
the war period, was special representative of the Junior De- 
partment of the American Red Cross for the State. Her work 
at the present time consists principally of visiting the schools 
and laying before the presidents and principals the peace pro- 
gram. Mrs. Scholibo took all four of the Red Cross courses 
of instruction. She helped with all of the drives for member- 
ship. 

Under her leadership $1000 was sent to the National Chil- 
dren's Year Fund for children abroad, and $500 was sent to 
relieve the October storm suft'erers at Corpus Christi. 



HON. CLARENCE R. WHARTON 
Chairman of Social Service Commission, Red Cross 

Mr. Wharton was chairman 
of the Social Service Commis- 
sion, which had charge of all of 
the social activities between 
the soldiers at Camp Logan and 
the people of the city of Hous- 
ton. These commissions were 
known as the Fosdick Commis- 
sions, and had charge of all 
such activities as clubs, churcli 
work, music, lodge affiliations, 
etc. 

He had charge of the cam- 
paign to raise the first Y. M. C. 
A. war fund of $100,000 in the 
autumn of 1917. The fund was 
oversubscribed. 

He also had charge of the 
campaign to raise the second 

Red Cross war fund in 1918. They raised $475,000, which was 
nearly 100 per cent over subscription. 

He made many addresses in dift'erent parts of the State in 
connection with different phases of war work. 




60 



RED CROSS 




JESSE H. JONES 

Mr. Jesse H. Jones was director 
of military relief for the Red Cross. 
Mr. Jones left his business and gave 
his entire time for over a year to this 
work, making his headquarters in 
New York City. Besides giving so 
freely of his services he spent many 
thousands of dollars in all kinds of 
relief work. 



RED CROSS MEMBERSHIP 

Mr. Abe M. Levy was chairman of Red Cross membership. 
He was ably assisted by a host of loyal workers. The Honor 
Flag was captured for Houston by registering the largest per- 
centage of the city's population as members of the Red Cross. 
Hundreds of patriotic men, women and Boy Scouts worked 
whole-heartedly. During each drive a Red Cross parade was 
staged, thousands of people taking part. Many large flags 
were carried by ladies horizontally as receptacles for contri- 
butions. Small coin by the handful and many bills, some of 
large denominations, flew through the air to find lodgment in 
"Old Glory." When these flags were turned in at headquar- 
ters some were found to contain several hundreds of dollars. 
No one was thought much of in those days who did not wear 
a Red Cross membership button. 



t 



HOUSTON'S LIBRARIAN 61 



MISS JULIA IDESON 

The librarian in any community is an important person. In 
a city the size of Houston this is particularly true. She is the 
connecting link between the public and a vast realm of knowl- 
edge. Houston is fortunate in having a librarian splendidly 
equipped for this position in the person of ]\Iiss Julia Ideson. 
She seems to live and move and have her being in library work, 
and is tremendously interested in anything pertaining to it. 

At the beginning of the war the Houston library had the 
largest number of books of any library in the State, there 
being 125,000 in circulation. The reading rooms were always 
well attended and the library is fortunate in having a hie of 
Houston's papers from 1848 to the present time. In the refer- 
ence room they constantly receive and answer questions of all 
kinds from a description of the Lusitania to the care of feed- 
ing babies. At a meeting March 4, 1918, a committee of the 
following ladies were appointed to assist Miss Ideson in col- 
lecting and distributing books at Camp Logan and Ellington 
Field: Misses Amelia Studv, \'irginia Waldo, jMaidie Baker, 
Nellie Kittrell, I\Irs. C. C. Crawford, Mrs. Geo. Hill, Mrs. J. C. 
Rawlston, Mrs. W'm. Christian, Mrs. Frank Dwyer, Mrs. W. 
M. Baines, Mrs. J. C. Robertson, Mrs. May Gray, Mrs. F. W. 
Volch, Mrs. John Snooks, Misses Julia Runge, Annie Lee Ar- 
mald, Ruby Patton and Mrs. Camella Waggaman. Each and 
every one on this committee rendered faithful service. Febru- 
ary 10, 1919. Miss Ideson obtained a leave of absence and sailed 
for France to take charge of one of the libraries established 
there for the comfort, entertainment and instruction of the 
American soldiers in France. During Miss Ideson's absence 
the Houston Library has been under the able management of 
Miss Martha Schnitzer. 



62 



SALVATION ARMY 



SALVATION ARMY 




ENSIGN BURDICK AND FAMILY 
Salvation Army Oversea Workers 

Ensign and Mrs. F. O. Btirdick of the Salvation Army are 
the godparents of the First Division. They went to the front 
when the First did. From December, 1917, until the armistice 
was signed "Ma" Burdick, 60 years old, baked pies and mended 
khaki clothing in every sector of the western front. In No- 
vember, when the fighting ceased, the couple was transferred 
to Brest, where they worked until they sailed for home, April 
22. Mrs. Burdick was called "Ma" by all the boys and has a 
pie record of all the Salvation Army cooks. She baked 324 
pies in twelve hours one day under fire. She did it on an army 
field range. 

The first pie that the Salvation Army mother cut up for the 
boys in France was baked at Toul, in an oven that "Pa" Bur- 
dick had constructed for the occasion. It was a tin cookie box, 
and it held just two pies. One was pumpkin and the other apple. 

The headquarters at the front at which the Burdicks enter- 
tained was an abandoned cellar, protected by a camouflaged 
tarpaulin. It had two chief articles of furniture. One was 
the French stove and the other "Ma" Burdick's sewing ma- 
chine, on which she mended the doughboys' clothes and made 
them new ones out of salvaged material. 

Mother Burdick has had a wonderful experience and has 
gone through all the suffering and exposure attached to army 
life. She helped to close the eyes of the dead and adminis- 
tered in a hundred ways to the suffering, but she doesn't care 
to talk of those things ; she thinks it is best forgotten. As 
most Salvation Army workers she wants to look only on the 



SAL\'ATION ARMY 63 



bright side. She remembers many little stories about the boys 
she served over there. One day a rough, raw-boned, gaunt- 
looking private from Texas came to her dugout. "Hello, 
mother," he said, "how are the doughnuts?" "You don't want 
doughnuts," said Ma. "A great big man like you, what you 
want is a good meal." 

Mr. and Mrs. Burdick were accompanied by their son Elmer 
D. Burdick and their daughter. Miss Cecil Burdick. Miss 
Jessie Winters and Miss Burdick left Houston together and 
were together the entire period while they were away. Their 
first hut was at Rose En Haye, Avhere they had a big room, 
but no place for a kitchen. So they put their cooking utensils 
outside against the wall and put up a tarpaulin with as long 
sticks as they could find. They camouflaged it with branches 
of trees and sticks. Identified with the First Division, they 
moved with it from the region of Soissons, where thev were 
first stationed, in to the St. Mihiel sector. The very night they 
arrived, at one minute past 1. the drive was begun and the 
next day they watched the battle on Mount Sec, through 
glasses, identifying the Americans pounding up the hill. A 
few days later, they climbed Mount Sec without leave to see 
the battle scarred region. 

A call came for women to aid in the field hospital, and the 
two Houston girls, with 12 others, went to the front where 
there were no women nurses and aided in every way they 
could in cooking and in caring for the wounded. They were 
under fire at this time and the naval guns were booming be- 
hind them with shots going far overhead, but terrifying for all 
that. One night before they could get their shoes on, 84 bombs 
were dropped near them. 

Verdun, Brest, Montabeau, Germany and many a small town 
between saw the Salvation lassies, only two at a time, with 
often no women within miles and no Salvation Army man, but 
never alone, for there was always a group of soldiers to be 
fed or sewed up or to write letters for or to listen to. Every 
minute full. They saw service in huts, in hospitals, in first aid 
stations, in fact it was stated that as many things as one could 
do, one was called upon to do and then a few more things be- 
sides. "There was something to be done all the time," they 
said, "and we did it. We were always happy, because we were 
always busy, doing anything— all things— that the boys needed. 
Sometimes we were scared to de^ith. naturally, because we 
were initiated from the start by a 280-pouncri)omb hitting half 
a mile away from us. That sounds a long way away. Init it 
isn't wMien it hits." 

Despite discomforts like finding mice in their mattresses so 



64 SALVATION ARMY 

thick that they were overrun in the night, despite sleeping 
where the mud was so deep that they had to wade to get to 
bed; in spite of the fact that there the dead were often seen 
and that ruined villages became familiar sights, in spite of the 
guns and the bombs, the blood and terror of war, Miss Winters 
and Miss Burdick have come back feeling that the experience 
was worth while. "If you couldn't learn to be broader minded 
and more democratic, to allow more and give more, under 
such circumstances, then you have nothing in you," they said. 
The Salvation Army workers who won worldwide fame 
during the period of the world war are with us on our streets 
every day. When the lassies come around with their tambou- 
rine and modest appeal for help don't forget that they were 
ministering angels to the boys over there. 



NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 65 



National League of Women's Service 

Mrs. W. B. Sharp, State Chairman ; Mrs. H. F. Ring, Gen- 
eral Chairman for Houston. 

Pending the establishment of a Bureau under the Federal 
Government, to deal with woman's work and woman's welfare, 
the National League for \\'oman's Service established in 
Washington a Bureau of Registration and Information, en- 
dorsed by the Federal Department of Labor, and working in 
direct co-operation with this department. 

The function of the Bureau is to mobilize wage-earning 
women through the State and local committees of the League 
and co-operating organizations for industrial service in con- 
nection with government war supplies contracts. The Bureau 
was informed by the Federal Department of Labor of every 
contract awarded by the Navy and War Departments. If, for 
tract awarded by the Navy and War Departments. If. for 
example, there was found to be a shortage of workers in the 
locality in which a government contract had been awarded, 
the Bureau, by telegraphing the League's chairmen in other 
localities, arranged to supply the deficiency. The Bureau was 
also a clearing house of information regarding the work of 
women's organizations throughout the country. 

Women can serve their country best by becoming more ef- 
ficient and more earnest in the everyday work they are doing 
now. If a woman is a good cook, for example, the League 
would discourage her studying aviation; if she is a good 
stenograpl»€r, it would not recommend that she study nursing. 
On the contrary, the League is trying to encourage women to 
do those mings for which they arc fitted by training or natural 
ability and not those things which might better be done by 
other women, or left to men. 

As soon as America entered the war Mrs. W. B. Sharp was 
appointed State chairman, and Mrs. H. F. Ring was appointed 
general chairman for Houston. She immediately organized 
and appointed chairmen for the various departments. Mrs. J. 
W. Butler was placed in charge of the overseas work (clothing 
for Belgium, etc.) ; Mrs. R. U. Culberson had charge of the 
knitting; Mrs. Joe S. Palmer, home gardens and poultry; Mrs. 
A. G. Alillison, stenography classes, and Mrs. C. C. Crawford, 
Motor Corps. Mrs. Ely Ensign was Mrs. Ring's general 
assistant. 

These are some of the women who assisted with the over- 
seas work : Mrs. J. F. P.utler, Mrs. A. F. Purdy, Mrs. Maxwell 
Barnes, Mrs. Robert L. Wilson, Mrs. Jennie Rue, Mrs. Jessie 



66 NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 

Andrews, Mrs. Brice Frazier, Mrs. W. E. Japhet, Miss Adeline 
Gohlman, Mrs. Jessie Myers, Mrs. Sidney Daniels, Mrs. H. A. 
Neuman, Mrs. Sidney Houston, Mrs. W. E. Townsend, Mrs. 
W. E. Japhet, Mrs. E. B. Blanton, Mrs. Bragg, Mrs. C. A. 
Pearson, Mrs. Leon Gordon, Mrs. H. T. Rue, Mrs. H. E. Bragg, 
Mrs. Codding, Mrs. J. D. Anderson, Mrs. J. W. Thomas, Mrs. 
H. A. Neuman. 

Wonderful work was accomplished in the knitting depart- 
ment which was in charge of Mrs. Robert Culberson. The con- 
servation of food under the National League was taken care 
of by the Housewives League, Mrs. E. A. Calvin, chairman. 
There was a downtown kitchen where demonstrations in food 
preservation were given as well as instruction in substitution 
and conservation. This was a very important function of the 
National League and it was very fortunate in having the 
Housewives League to push the work. 

In other departments, the league also made great progress. 
Its agricultural department was well organized with Mrs. J. S. 
Palmer as chairman. Mrs. Palmer encouraged the making 
of home gardens in Houston and its vicinity. She had experts 
to give instructions in the various departments of agriculture, 
and being a practical gardener herself, was able to advise and 
instruct those who needed directions. Registrations were 
taken at the agricultural room of the Chamber of Commerce, 
at stated times. 

Mrs. Palmer also had charge of the Poultry Department. 
Poultry raising as a war measure was considered by the league 
of great importance and Mrs. Palmer threw her efforts into 
the work in a whole-souled way and she never at any time 
failed to accomplish wonderful results. Her work with both 
gardens and poultry was talked of all over the country. She 
received hundreds of letters from farmers in all parts of the 
country asking advice. 

In January, 1918, a course in Motor Driving was planned 
by young women who were strong enough to undertake it. 
The nation at that time was making a strong appeal to the 
women and girls of the country to take up this branch of the 
service. Through the co-operation of Houston's public schools 
the "National League of Women's Service" and the "Young 
Women's Christian Association," two classes were formed of 
50 pupils each and were taught at Central High School through 
lectures and actual demonstrations by E. M. Wyatt, a director 
of manual training. Out of these classes 12 graduated. 



NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 67 



Women Study to Aid Government if Needed 

In order to prepare for such a time as may find their hus- 
bands needed for service a number of Houston women ex- 
pressed a desire to study stenography, not only for the purpose 
of self-support, but to likewise aid the government, if need 
arose. 

To meet this demand a department was organized in the Na- 
tional League for Women's Service under the direction of 
Mrs. A. G. Mallison. which began work as soon as an instruc- 
tor was secured. 

Stenography Classes Organized 

Mrs. A. G. Mallison. Chairman, and ]\Irs. A. B. Prescott, 
Vice-Chairman. 

"Quick Training for Efficient Service" was their slogan. 
The school was open to all women and girls who wished in 
this way to do their part in winning the war. 

Seventy students were enrolled at the first meeting of the 
classes. They were divided into three classes and were taught 
at Central High School and were taught from 5 to 6 months. 
To Mrs. IMallison, chairman of arrangement committee, be- 
longs much credit for the success of the venture, with Mrs. 
Beatrice Arrington as teacher. 

Motor Corps Service 

Another branch of service taken up was the Motor School. 
A good lecturer was provided and more than fifty students 
were enrolled to attend the classes which met at Central High 
School. The course covered the following: 

* * * Method of driving, steering gear, brakes, axle, clutch, 
differential, transmission, gasoline, engine, engine parts, valve 
timing, firing order, carburetion. adjustments, cooling, lubri- 
cation, tire repairing, ignition and coil system, magnetos and 
traffic rules. 

The women and girls who thoroughly mastered this course 
would have been able to render most necessary and patriotic 
service to their country. 



68 NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 

MRS. H. F. RING 

It can be truthfully said 
that Mrs. H. F. Ring did 
more war work than any 
other woman in Houston, as 
general chairman of these 
three big organizations : 

President of City Federa- 
tion of Woman's Clubs ; 
City Chairman of National 
League of Women's Service, 
and Chairman City Founda- 
tion. 

She was general chairman 
of Woman's Division Liberty 
Loan Committee. She served 
in this capacity through the 
second and third campaigns. 
Mrs. Ring has, for years, 
been one of Houston's most 
active club women. She 
joined the Ladies' Reading 
Club in 1888. 

As president of the Reading Club, Mrs. Ring was instru- 
mental in forming the City Federation, composed originally of 
six clubs. With these clubs working together the Houston 
Lyceum and Carnegie Library Association was formed. In 
1900 an appropriation of $4000 per annum was secured from 
the city for its support. The club women then busied them- 
selves in raising the funds for a suitable building site. Mr. 
Carnegie's donation of $50,000 being conditioned on the people 
of Houston doing this. The present beautiful library home is 
a testimonial of the success of their earnest effort. 

Mrs. Ring has been a trustee of the Carnegie Library since 
its beginning. For a number of years she served as chairman 
of the State library committee of Women's Club, and suc- 
ceeded in getting a state library commission appointed to take 
charge of the State work, believing it to be as much the func- 
tion of the State to provide books for the children to read as to 
teach them how to read. Mrs. Ring has also served on the 
library board of the General Federation of Woman's Clubs. 

She is a Daughter of the Confederacy, a Daughter of the 
American Revolution, and a member of the Art League. 




NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 69 

What She Says About Suffrage. 

"After many years of work with the chib women of the 
State in trying to get laws passed for the protection and con- 
servation of women and children, and birds and trees, and 
historical landmarks ; after 30 years of working for clean 
towns and homes and pure foods and decent school buildings, 
and public parks and good roads, and kindergartens and com- 
pulsory education, I have at last realized that we could do all 
this work much better and quicker and with less loss of time 
and dignity and self respect by casting our vote as full fledged 
citizens. It is not pleasant to have to wheedle and cajole or 
flatter men to give us these sensible and practical things. We 
send our prettiest and most influential women to plead with 
them. We get them in groups and feed them ; sometimes we 
worry them into doing the right and reasonable thing. It 
takes too much of our time and energy, and it makes us think 
less of ourselves and them. The interests of men and women 
are identical. It is the failure to recognize this fact that has 
caused any sex antagonism on either side." 

Mrs. Ring's maiden name was Elizabeth L. Fitzsimnu)ns. 
She was born and raised in Houston, and while a book could 
be, and should he, written about her. we can only add here 
that everyone knows her and everyone loves her. 

MRS. W. B. SHARP. 

Mrs. Sharp's work was so national in scope that it is 
hard to give account of it. She was on the War Work 
Committee of the National Federation of Clubs, as well as 
chairman of the State Federation War Work Committee. She 
succeeded in making tiie National Federation ado])t the Can- 
teen work both at home and abroad as their special war work. 
She was at the fore in every kind of war work in Houston, 
except active Red Cross work, but was a big contributor in 
funds to that. She gave most liberally to all lines of work, 
and her time and best personal efforts to special phases of it, 
such as conservation and registration of women workers. Had 
the war lasted this work would have proven its importance 
fully, as it was the effects were fully justified, showing what 
women could do in an emergency. The Federated Clubs in 
Houston took part in every activity and made many sacrifices. 
Women like Mrs. Sharp stirred their ])atriotism and gave in- 
spiration and energy. The women who know Mrs. Sharp best 
love her dearly, and those she came in contact with during 
the war period learned to respect her quiet, dignified manner, 
and appreciate what she meant to them. 



70 NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 



MRS. ELY ENSIGN 

Vice-President Federation of Women's Clubs and Vice-Chair- 
man of National League of Woman's Service. 

Mrs. Ensign gave splendid serv- 
ice in both the above organizations 
with Mrs. H. F. Ring. Mrs. Ring 
said: "Not too much can be writ- 
ten in praise of Mrs. Ensign's work." 
These few words from Mrs. Ring 
are worth more than anything I 
could say. It means she helped with 
everything, giving constant service 
both in the office and on the streets 
when required. She succeeded Mrs. 
Ring as chairman of the National 
League, but in a short time the ar- 
mistice was signed. Mrs. Ensign 
was president of "Child's Welfare 
League" for two years. She was 
also chairman of "Children's Year," 

an important work under the W^omen's Committee, "Council 
of National Defense." She is a director of "Housewives' 
League" and has lately been elected president of the Parent- 
Teachers' Association. 




MRS. A. C. FORD 

When Mrs. Sharp and Mrs. Ring, as representatives of the 
National League of W^oman's Service, decided to join forces 
with the War Camp Community Service and take charge of 
the Recreational Canteen, Mrs. A. C. Ford was chosen as gen- 
eral manager. "We were very fortunate," said Mrs. Ring, "in 
having such a competent person as Mrs. Ford to head this 
movement." Mrs. Ford truly justified Mrs. Ring's confidence. 
For 12 months she personally supervised the work in every 
department, refreshment, recreation and finance, winning the 
highest praise from the soldiers, the organizations and the 
general public. More than one hundred women served on Mrs. 
Ford's committee, practically every organization belonging to 
the City Federation of Women's Clubs assisting. At the end 
of the year Mrs. Ford reported over one thousand dollars still 
in the treasury ; this, of course, was due to her careful, effi- 
cient management. 



NATIONAL LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S SERVICE 71 



Protective League for Girls 

In June, 1918, a committee on protective work for girls was 
organized in Houston by ]\Irs. Jane Rippin, Southwestern dis- 
trict representative of the national committee of this work, 
and has as its province the care of those girls who were not 
yet delinquent, but who were in danger of becoming so. They 
were, therefore, in an intermediate class which can not be 
properly dealt with either by the Young \\'omen's Christian 
Association or by the schools for delinquent girls. 

This committee, which was composed of Mrs. ]\Iax Taub, 
chairman ; Mrs. J. W. Neal. Mrs. E. C. IMurray, ]\Irs. Thayer, 
Mrs. Thornwell Fay, Miss Florence Sterling and Miss Martha 
Gano, with seven sub-committees, is undertaking the provi- 
sion of constructive work for girls, of proper employment for 
them and of a suitable detention home. These objects it hopes 
to gain not by creating new organizations, but by working 
through the existing agencies of the city and county, and most 
especially is it relying on the assistance and co-operation of 
the women's agencies of the community. 

On July 8, 1918, a delegation of women from various organ- 
izations decided that a woman deputy sheriff should be ap- 
pointed. As no objection was raised to this measure it was 
eventually done. The measure was recommended by Ethel 
A. Claxton, superintendent of Harris County School for Girls ; 
Mrs. H. F. Ring, president City Federation of Women's Clubs ; 
Mrs. W. F. Wilson, president of City Missions of M. E. Church ; 
Mrs. Ely Ensign, i)resident Child's Welfare Association, and 
Mrs. G. A. Young, executive secretary Harris County Equal 
Suffrage Association. j\liss Goldsmith was endorsed for the 
position. 



72 LUTHERAN BROTHERHOOD OF AMERICA 



THE LUTHERAN BROTHERHOOD OF AMERICA 







->>-'• 



Rev. H. F. Ander 



Rev. Walter Tillberg 
Rev. N. M. Ylvisaker 



Mr. E. M. Ericson 



Is a men's auxiliary of the Lutheran Church of America. 
Shortly after the declaration of war this society realized its 
obligation to its members in the service. Knowing that other 
organizations were looking after the social and moral welfare 
of the soldier in general it took it upon itself to minister spir- 
itually to its members and men of its church, and as many oth- 
ers as might be reached. To do this it sent an army of camp 
pastors into the fields and camps and here begins the history 
of the work of the L. B. A. in Houston in connection with the 
surrounding camps. 

In October, 1917, Rev. N. M. Ylvisaker, pastor of the Luth- 
eran Church of Chicago, was sent as camp pastor to Camp 
Logan. A few months later Rev. Walter Tillberg was sent here 



LUTHERAN BROTHERHOOD OF AMERICA TZ 




A Room in the Enlisted Men's Home 

to assist him in his work. As the rehgious census of the camp 
showed about 6000 Lutheran boys, these men worked in con- 
junction with the Y. ^L C. A. and Red Cross, speaking when- 
ever called upon and also being granted the courtesy of con- 
ducting Lutheran services in the "Y" huts. 

They visited the boys in their tents and in the hospitals, 
and directed them to their respective churches in the city. Rev. 
H. F. Ander, local Lutheran minister, was later called into the 
service as assistant to replace Rev. Tillberg, who was sent to 
Camp Travis. After getting into the work the L. B. A. soon 
realized the necessity of providing social recreation in the 
cities as downtown "rendezvous" for the men. This was not 
done in opposition to the War Camp Community Service, but 
in perfect harmony. In many places the L. B. A. Clubs are 
numbered among the service stations of the W. C. C. S. 

The camp pastors, after thoroughly discussing their propo- 
sition with the Y. iVI. C. A.. Red Cross, W. C. C. S. and army 
officials at the camp, rented two floors in the building for- 
merly occupied by the old Press Club at 910^^ Capitol Avenue 
and had them remodeled, spending about $3000. 

Mr. Edw. M. Ericson. managing director of the Artists' 
Guild of Chicago, was called as business secretary. Although 



74 LUTHERAN BROTHERHOOD OF AMERICA 

this meant a great sacrifice on his part, he was wilHng to do 
his "bit" and accepted. He did still more, he at once set to 
work and solicited contributions from various members of the 
Guild and when Mr. Ericson arrived he brought with him an 
art collection which was not only a credit to the club rooms 
but also to the city of Houston. Mr. Ericson arrived in Octo- 
ber, 1918, and immediately with the co-operation of the other 
secretaries set to work to make the E. B. A. Enlisted Men's 
Home a home in the real sense of the word. But what is home 
without mother, so Mr. Ericson soon had his wife come and 
she certainly filled the place of "mother" at the home as near 
as anybody outside of mother can. 

The club consists of a large auditorium, reading room, ladies' 
rest room, writing room, game room and music room. Books 
and magazines were supplied by the American Library Asso- 
ciation. Stationery is furnished by the L. B. A. Two pool 
tables, checkers, dominoes, etc., make up the furnishing of 
the game room. Music, consisting of Edison talking machine, 
piano, violin, cornet and mandolin. The furniture is hickory, 
consisting of rockers and comfortable lounges and chairs. A 
feature in connection of the club is the dormitory with sleep- 
ing accommodations for 250 men, nine shower baths, wash 
room and lockers. Since the opening of the Home at least 
10,000 men have found sleeping quarters. A nominal sum of 
25 cents per bed is charged, but if the soldier is without funds 
he is always put to bed and well taken care of. The manage- 
ment estimates that no less than 10,000 soldiers visit the Home 
monthly. The beds for the dormitory were furnished by the 
army, the blankets and linens were furnished by the Red Cross. 

Much of the success of the Home is due to Mr. Ericson, suc- 
ceeding in getting local organizations and talent interested in 
furnishing entertainment for the men. The local chapter of 
the D. A. R. not only furnished entertainments but completely 
equipped one section of the dormitory with ten beds, mat- 
tresses, pillows, linens, blankets, shades, mirrors and table. 

Mrs. W. M. Baines, assisted by all the best talent of the city, 
furnished a regular classical and edifying program every Sat- 
urday evening, after which refreshments were served by com- 
mittees of women and girls, Mrs. Ida Fromm always presid- 
ing at the coffee urn and winning for herself the reputation 
among the boys of making the best coffee in Houston. Home- 
made cakes and pies were always served free by these ladies. 

The staff of the local L. B. A. Enlisted Men's Home con- 
sisted of three secretaries, two religious and one business. 
The religious secretaries continued the work at the camps and 
assisted the business secretary at the Home. 



WAR TIME PASTORS OF HOUSTON CHURCHES 75 



During the epidemic the L. B. A. not only had a man on the 
job at the hospital day and night but also opened its home to 
the relatives of the sick men and took care of them for several 
weeks. One more point of information; we are often asked, 
"Who furnishes the money for your support?" Thinking peo- 
ple realize that the operation of an institution like the L. B. A. 
involves a considerable expense. In January. 1918, the Luth- 
eran Brotherhood launched a campaign for $750,000.00 among 
the Lutheran churches of America, the response was so liberal 
that the amount was doubled. A commission was then formed 
known as the National Lutheran Commission for Soldiers and 
Sailors Welfare to handle this money and through this com- 
mission the Home has been financed. 

The motto of the L. B. A. is "Loyalty to Home. Church and 
Country" and with this spirit the Enlisted Men's Home has 
been run and will continue as long as it finds work in Houston 
to do. 



WAR TIME PASTORS OF CHURCHES OF HOUSTON 

PRESBYTERIAN : 

First — Rev. Wm. States Jacobs. 

First, Heights — Rev. David H. Templeton. 

Central — Rev. Clyde Howard. 

Westminster — Rev. W. F. Perry. 

Second — Rev. F. E. Fincher. 

Central Park — 

Oak Lawn— Rev. W. L. Shepherd. 

Hardy Street— Rev. J. C. Hinds. 

Woodland Heights— Rev. J. L. Dickens. 

Third— Rev. T. B. Anderson. 

Bohemian — Rev. J. W. Dobias. 

Woodcrest — Rev. J. M. Evans. 

BAPTIST : 

First — Rev. J. B. Leavell. 
Temple— Rev. E. P. West. 
First, Heights — Rev. F. A. Goodsoe. 
Tuam— Rev. M. M. Wolfe. 
Tabernacle — Rev. W. R. lirown. 
Trinity — Rev. Theo. Heisig. 
West End— Rev. D. L. Griffith. 
Calvary — Rev. W. B. Cunningham. 
Houston Avenue — Rev. A. E. Vogt. 
Woodland— Rev. W. E. Foster. 
Sunset Heights — Rev. A. P. Robb. 



7(>, WAR TIME PASTORS OF HOUSTON CHURCHES 

Magnolia Park — Rev. R. J. Brown. 

First, Ryan Addition — Rev. R. L. Bennett. 

Emanuel — 

Association Mission — Rev. C. D. Owens. 

Pulpit Supply— Rev. W. L. Robertson. 

Harbor Addition — Rev. F. A. Goodsoe. 

METHODIST: 

First — Rev. H. D. Knickerbocker. 

St. Paul— Rev. W. R. Hendrix. 

Grace, Heights — Rev. F. D. Dawson. 

West End— Rev. R. E. Ledbetter. 
, McAshan — Rev. O. W. Hooper. 

Washington Avenue — Rev. C. E. Clark. 

Trinity— Rev. I. B. Manley. 

McKee Street— Rev. W. F. Smith. 

Behnke Memorial — Rev. W. D. Weimas. 

Bering Memorial — Rev. C. A. Eehmberg. 

St. John's Memorial — Rev. Jno. E. Green. 

Woodland Heights — Rev. I. F. Key. 

Central Park — Rev. Terry Wilson. 

Harrisburg — Rev. Weems Wooten. 

Ebenezer — Rev. H. W. Bahlman. 

Swedish — 

Presiding Elder — Rev. R. W. Adams. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL: 

First, Collins Memorial — Rev. Willis H. Germany. 

CHRISTIAN : 

First (Central) — Rev. H. K. Pendleton. 
South End— Rev. A. E. Ewell. 
Second— Rev. W. A. Steele. 
Houston Heights — Rev. W. L. Morrow. 

CONGREGATIONAL : 
Rev. H. B. Harrison. 

LUTHERAN : 

Zion's— Rev. H. F. Ander. 

St. Paul's Evangelical — Rev. John Harder. 
ASSEMBLY OF GOD : 

Rev. E. N. Richey. 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

Rev. Willis Weaver, 1020 Walker Avenue. 
Rev. C. I. Brown, care Y. M. C. A. 
W. C. Paige, Y. M. C. A. 



Y. :\I. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A. 7r_ 

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
Y. M. C. A. Spent Nearly 98 Million During War 

A financial statement just issued by the Y. M. C. A. on its 
receipts and expenditures during the war shows that $123,- 
346.508.09 was the total received in all campaigns. Miscel- 
laneous donations, interests on deposits and securities and in- 
come bring the total receipts to $125,282,859.54. 

A total expenditure of $97,817,005.50 was made. One item 
of expenditure set forth in the statement is $1,478,084.14, loss 
on operation of canteens. 

Expenditures for work with the allied armies totaled $16,- 
042.695.96 and with prisoners of war. $1,058,591.12. 

There were 11,229 secretaries and war workers sent over- 
seas. Fourteen were killed in action or died of wounds and 
71 died of disease. One hundred and five were wounded or 
gassed. During the Argonne drive 700 secretaries were with 
the troops. 

Twelve men from Houston served overseas as secretaries 
with the Y. M. C. A., and many others from this city served 
in various camps throughout the States. 

The Y. M. C. A. distributed 5.500.000 copies of the New Tes- 
tament and 20.000.000 copies of other religious pamphlets. In 
the United States they built 1000 huts and in h'rance 1965. Over 
1300 automobiles were used overseas. 



REPORT OF WAR COUNCIL OF YOUNG WOMEN'S 
CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

JMiss Marguerite Stuart was in France fur probably a year 
working with a unit of Johns Hopkins Hospital nurses, fur- 
nishing recreation and other hostess house activities. 

Miss Edith Akroyd left this city in the spring of 1918 to 
take up work in France with the girls of munition factories 
and at this time is still there, working with the brides of our 
returning soldiers who are often held at Brest, one of the 
transfer points of debarkation, until their passage can be ar- 
ranged. The service that she is able to render them is varied. 
She acts as interpreter, chaperon, hostess and confidante, and 
in any other capacity in which she is needed. 

Miss Ruth Bradbury, who came to Houston from the Na- 
tional Board of the Y. W. C. A., was in the recreation work 
for many months, followed by Miss Julia Hogan of Dallas, 
Texas. The work of these two women was principally the 
entertainment of soldiers and the transient girl, who, of course, 
as you know, rushed into our city in great numbers. There 



78 Y. W. C. A. 

was a great deal of unrest among young women at that time 
because of the young men of their famihes and acquaintances 
having been taken from them. We found that there should be 
a normal outlet for their emotions and energies and recre- 
ation was the finest medium at that time. 

Miss Agnese Carter, now Mrs. Nelms, who is living in 
England, was a very active and conscientious war worker. 
She organized and developed the Patriotic League work which 
was an organization of young women who had pledged them- 
selves to maintain a high standard of living, both physical 
and moral. 

Every phase of Y. W. C. A. work was tinctured by the war 
situation. There were all kinds of Red Cross classes, First 
Aid, Home Nursing, and large groups of girls nightly with 
needle and gauze as well as many benefits given for war suf- 
ferers, the adoption of French children, manning Liberty Loan 
booths and selling War Stamps. 

They held themselves as an organization in readiness to 
throw their support behind any effort made toward the wel- 
fare of our boys or the steadying of our girls during those 
critical months. 

The following well known people were members of the Y. 
W. C. A. War Council : 

Mrs. J. A. Baker, 1416 Main St., Preston 388. 

Mrs. Harris Masterson, 3702 Burlington, Hadley 1055. 

Mrs. Sterling Myer, 4 Courtlandt, Hadley 2395. 

Mrs. Frank Andrews, 911 Bell, Preston 6484. 

Mrs. Luke Bradley, 2616 Travis, Hadley 215. 

Mrs. States Jacobs, 2101 Main, Hadley 1874. 

Miss Harriet Levy, 2016 Main, Hadley 2338. 

Mrs. Howard Smith, 2204 Main, Hadley 1175. 

Mrs. P. B. Timpson, 2018 La Branch, Hadley 1348. 

Mrs. F. W. Vaughn, 233 W. Alabama, Preston 3366. 

Mrs. W. B. Chew, No. 4 Beaconsfield. 

Mrs. Geo. Noble, 3618 Yoakum, Preston 3366. 

Mrs. Thornwell Fay, No. 3 Beaconsfield, Hadley 286. 

Mrs. Max Taub, 2016 Travis, Hadley 1319. 

Mrs. Ella Guggenheim, 1510 Walker. 

Mrs. Jesse Andrews, 232 Hawthorne, Hadley 2081. 

Mrs. H. B. Fall, 43 Savoy, Hadley 1385. 

Mrs. E. A. Lovett, 3915 Brandt, Hadley 1349. 

Mrs. A. S. Cleveland, 8 Courtlandt, Hadley 225. 

Mrs. J. C. Proctor, No. 22 Courtlandt, Hadley 4220. 

Mrs. R. W. Knox, 2204 Louisiana, Hadley 244. 

Mrs. Palmer, Hadley 605. 

Mrs. Ellis, No. 84 Beaconsfield. 



OFFICERS 



79 




COLONEL CHAS. J. KIRK 

Colonel Charles J. Kirk, one of 
Houston's livest wires, is of Irish an- 
cestry, an honest-to-God Irishman, 
born in Texas August 15, 1875. 

Early in life he was flung into the 
maelstrom of politics and since has 
taken a leading part in shaping the 
policies of Texas democracy. 

He has. what has been termed, a 
peculiar bent for "secretarying." He 
is now, and has been in the past, sec- 
retary of some of the strongest civic 
and fraternal organizations in Texas. 
He served for several years as sec- 
retary of the State Democratic Ex- 
ecutive Committee ; secretary of the 
Security and Development Comjiany ; secretary of the well 
known and vastly popular Red Roosters ; secretary of the 
Houston Lions' Club ; secretary of the Houston Permanent 
Exposition Company. 

He is also president of the Kirk Oil Com|)any with large 
holdings in the oil belt of Texas ; president of the State Elks' 
Association; president of the Houston Drilling Company; past 
chancellor commander of the Knights of Pythias ; past exalted 
ruler of Elks ; past noble grand of Texas Odd Fellows ; past 
counsellor of the Texas Woodmen of the World. 

Col. Kirk is an active member of the Houston Chamber of 
Commerce and the Houston Salesmanship Club. 

When war was declared against the central powers of Eu- 
rope he became actively engaged in war work, serving as chair- 
man of draft board Xo. 3 of Houston ; was vice-chairman of 
the Red Cross drives of 1917-18; member of the committee 
on all five of the Liberty Bond drives and member of the wel- 
come home committee for returned soldiers. 

In the spring of 1918 he was authorized to organize the 8th 
Texas Infantry for active service. When the regiment was 
organized and accepted by the Federal Government he was 
commissioned colonel and retains that rank. The outfit, al- 
though designated for draft into the United States Army, did 
not see active duty, because of the sudden ending of the war. 

Col. Kirk served as a commissioned ofificer in the Texas 
Infantry in the 7th Army Corps during the Spanish-American 



80 OFFICERS 

war, and afterwards as a captain in the quartermaster depart- 
ment of the National Guard. 

There is never a movement or campaign to develop the civic, 
commercial or industrial life of Houston that he is not one 
of the foremost leaders. And politically his friends insist he 
has not yet reached the topmost rung of the ladder but is well 
on the way. 

Col. Kirk is married and his home in Houston is ever the 
gathering place of unstinted hospitality and good fellowship. 

BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN A. HULEN 

Was born in Centralia, Missouri, in 1871, His military career 
started in 1890 from the rank of first sergeant of an infantry 
company in his home town of Gainesville, Texas, and has risen 
through the different grades to Brigadier General, to which 
he was appointed in Mav, 1916. He served as Adjutant Gen- 
eral of Texas from 1903 to 1907. 

His service in the United States Army has covered a period 
of five years in the grades of Captain, Major, Lieutenant-Col- 
onel and Brigadier General. 

In the Spanish-American war he was Major and Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the First Texas Cavalry. 

During the Phihppine Insurrection, he was Captain in the 
33rd U. S. Infantry. Here he participated in the Gillmore 
Relief Expedition and was recommended for Brevet Major for 
conspicuous gallantry in action in the Battle of Tagnadan 
Mountain. 

Under the President's call of May 9, 1916, he served as 
Brigadier General on the Mexican Border in command of 
Texas troops and the Sixth Separate Brigade until his com- 
mand was mustered out in March, 1917. 

He was appointed Brigadier General of the National Army 
in August, 1917, and served in command of the 72nd Infantry 
Brigade, 36th Division, in its entire training period at Camp 
Bowie, Texas, and in France throughout the war, command- 
ing this unit in all of its front line and battle experiences. For 
distinguished services in the Champagne (Meuse-Argonne) 
offensive, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French 
Government. 

General Hulen is a veteran of three wars, the Spanish-Amer- 
ican war, the Philippine Insurrection and the World War, 
and wears the campaign badges of each of them, as well as 
the Mexican Border Campaign badge. 



OFFICERS 81 

MAJOR ALBERT E. DEVINE, Sr. 

Major Albert E. Devine. Sr., commanded the 117th Supply 
Train of the Rainbow Division all during their eighteen 
months in France and the splendid work they did, often under 
most difficult conditions, is part of the history of that famous 
division. Although past the age when any positive duty rested 
on him to enter the service, j\Iajor Devine volunteered at the 
first call and was commissioned Major in the Texas National 
Guard. General Hulen placed him in command of the Supply 
Train of the Guard, consisting of six companies. His oft'icers 
and men were mostly raw and unfamiliar with military life, 
but Major Devine took hold of his organization with energy 
and soon brought it to such a state that it was selected as the 
unit to represent Texas in the now celebrated Rainbow Divi- 
sion. 

During the Spanish-American war ]\lajor Devine was ap- 
pointed Quartermaster of the First Texas Infantry and when 
General John A. Hulen was Adjutant General of Texas Major 
Devine was with him as Colonel and Quartermaster. 

Major Devine was born in San Antonio, Texas, hut n(.)w 
lives in Houston. 

CAPTAIN ALBERT E. DEVINE, Jr. 

Cai)tain Albert E. Devine, Jr.. is the son of Major and Mrs. 
Albert E. Devine, Sr., formerly of San Antonio but now resi- 
dents of Houston. He commanded the Hcad(|uarters Co. 143d 
Infantry during the training of the 36th Division at Fort 
Worth, and in October, 1918, headed that organization during 
the offensive of the 36th in the Champagne in France. 

In July, 1917, Captain Devine was promoted from a second 
lieutenancy in the Third Texas Infantry and a])p()intcd Regi- 
mental Adjutant and commanding officer of the Headquarters 
Co., 143rd Infantry, which company he organized in Houston, 
being composed mostly of men from this city. During 1916 
and 1917 Captain Devine served on the Mexican Border and 
as Assistant Brigade .\djutant on the staff of Cicneral John A. 
Hulen. 

MAJOR SAM BECKER 

Major vSam I^.ecker was born Octol)cr 15, 1890. His father 
and mother are Mr. and Mrs. Harris Becker of San Antonio. 
He entered officers training camp at Leon Springs, Texas, 
May 12th, remained two months, when he received his api)oint- 
ment as First Lieutenant August 5, 1917. He organized Motor 
Truck Coni])any in record time of 36 hours, sailed from the 



82 OFFICERS 

United States October 31, 1917, arrived at Brest, France, on 
November 12, promoted to Captain May 12, 1918. 

He was placed in command of 117th Supply Train for famous 
Rainbow Division, Cologne, Germany, June 13, 1918. 

Promoted to Major March 6, 1919. His home is in Houston. 

COL. CLARK WREN 

On May 9, 1916, as First Lieutenant of Infantry, Clark Wren 
was ordered into Federal service on the Mexican Border. 
Shortly after that he was made Aide de Camp for Brigadier 
General John A. Hulen, who commanded the Texas Brigade 
on the Border at that time. Shortly after this he was detailed 
for duty in the office of Department Judge Advocate, Southern 
Department, at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, where he remained 
during most of the Border service. 

In June, 1917, he was promoted to be a Major and in August, 
1917, was assigned to duty as Judge Advocate of the 36th Divi- 
sion and stationed at Camp Bowie, Texas. In the latter part 
of June, 1918, the 36th Division began its journey to France 
and he arrived at Brest on July 31. He remained as Judge 
Advocate until after the armistice, when he was sent to Paris 
detailed for work at the Lyiquidation Commission. In May, 
1919, at his request he was returned home for discharge. He 
arrived in the United States on May 22 and was discharged in 
Washington on May 27, 1919. On November 9, 1918, he was 
promoted to the grade of Lieutenant Colonel. 



CAPTAIN J. LEWIS THOMPSON 

At the beginning of the great war Captain Thompson went 
into East Texas, his old home district, and personally organ- 
ized Company F of the old 5th Texas National Guard. Captairt 
Thompson knew the parents of the boys and he personally 
gave his word that the boys would be under his care and pro- 
tection and that he would look out for them as if they were 
his own boys. The boys came to Houston and joined the com- 
pany here. The company was later consolidated with D Com- 
pany of the 5th Texas and finally became H Company of the 
143rd Infantry. Captain Thompson's service was of such a 
high order that he was recommended for promotion to the 
grade of Major, which was not perfected on account of the 
ending of the war. 



OFFICERS 83 

COL. E. B. GUSHING 

Col. E. B. Cushing entered the service as major and was soon 
promoted to colonel. He is a member of one of Houston's old- 
est families. Col. Cushing had charge of transportation of 
supplies in France; it was his business to see that they got 
there. Snow, rain, mud, mountains or swollen streams, noth- 
ing deterred him. He built bridges or otherwise, anyway he 
got there. At one time he built a bridge that seemed impos- 
sible in so short a time and when the French officers compli- 
mented him on his achievement he said: "That's nothing; 
that's the way we do things in Texas." 

MAJOR DALLAS MATTHEWS' MILITARY RECORD 

Enlisted in the Houston Light Guard on March 1, 1900; was 
made captain of that organization on February 15, 1Q05. which 
rank and assignment he held until promoted to grade of Major 
on June 4, 1917. Commanded the Houston Light Guard while 
on border service from May 10, 1916. to the time of promotion. 

Brigade Adjutant, 72nd Infantry Brigade (36th Division), 
September 20, 1917, to October 3^ 1918. Commanded Third 
Battalion. 7th Infantry (Third Division), Novemlx'r 10. 1918, 
to date of discharge, September 17, 1919. 

Arrived at Brest on July 31, 1918. and served in France until 
December 1, 1918, on which day he entered Germany with the 
Army of Occupation and served along the Rhine until August 
10, 1919. Major Matthews has resided in Houston since No- 
vember 3, 1895. 

MILITARY RECORD OF COL. JOHN S. HOOVER 

Enlisted Company A. 1st Texas Infantry (Houston Light 
Guard), February, 1896. Responded to President's Call, Span- 
ish-American \\ar, May, 1898. Appointed second lieutenant 
Infantry June 4th and assigned to Company H. 1st U. S. V. 
Mustered out October 28, 1898. Re-enlisted Company A 
(Houston Light Guard), 1st Texas Infantrv, April, 1899. 
Elected second lieutenant Houston Light Guard June, 1890, 
first lieutenant July, 1890. Appointed major Infantry January 
1901, lieutenant colonel January, 1914. Responded to Presi- 
dent's Call May, 1916. Reported to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 
May 12. Detailed for general recruiting duty l)v Department 
Commander on June 4, 1916, to February 20,' 1917. Mustered 
out March 26. 1917. called back into service March 31, 1917. 
A])pointe(l Colonel of Infantry June 4, 1917, and organized 5th 



84 OFFICERS 



Texas Infantry, which was drafted into the service August 5, 
1917. On October 17 the 3rd and 5th Texas Infantry were 
consolidated and was designated 143rd Infantry, U. S. A. Col. 
Hoover was placed in command of this regiment. The 143rd 
Infantry trained at Camp Bowie, Texas, and sailed for France 
July 17, 1918. Landed at Brest July 31 and took station at 
Soulaines. Regiment moved into the front sector September 
26, and was in reserve at Conde-Sur-Marne, moved into the 
front line October 9 and relieved the 9th and 23rd U. S. In- 
fantry. The regiment was in the front line from October 9 
until October 28, and was in the sector known as Champagne. 
The 143rd Infantry made a drive of 21 kilometres on October 
12. Colonel Hoover was in command of the regiment during 
the fight; left France January 4, 1919; arrived in the United 
States January 18. Discharged May 3, 1919. 

Colonel Hoover was called "Dad" by the men in his regi- 
ment, which shows the high esteem in which he was held by 
his men. 

The Houston Light Guards were all distinctively Houston 
•men : Major P. R. Denman, Major J. R. Ricker, Captain Mun- 
ford W. Hoover, Captain Eugene Sanguinet, Captain Lewis 
Thompson, Captain C. C. Bevins, Captain August De Zavala, 
Captain Ross C. Croft. 

CAPTAIN H. L. BENNETT SPENT TWENTY-SIX 
MONTHS IN A. E. F. 

As a member of the First Division, Regular Army, which 
was the first American fighting unit to arrive in France, the 
first to move to the front, the first to suffer casualties, the first 
to inflict casualties, the first to attack the enemy and the first 
to be attacked. Captain Harry L. Bennett, Jr., son of Mr. and 
Mrs. H. L. Bennett, 709 Calhoun Street, lays claim to have 
been in France longer than any other Houston boy. Captain 
Bennett arrived in the United States August 12 after an ab- 
sence of 26 months with the American Expeditionary Forces. 

Denoting more than two years overseas service, Captain 
Bennett wears four gold service stripes on his left arm and two 
gold stripes, denoting wounds, on his right arm. He had been 
cited for bravery a number of times and has been recom- 
mended for the Distinguished Service Cross. Both wounds 
were suffered during 1918. 



OFFICERS 



85 



MRS. K. SOULE 




Cap. Horace Soule Mrs. K. Soule Lieut. E. C. Soule 

Mother of Capt. Horace Soule 

and Liet. E. C. Soule 

Mrs. Soule has always done good work in Houston, espe- 
cially with her chnrcli ( tlie First Methodist) and the W. C. 
T. U. 



CAPTAIN SOULE 

Captain Horace Soule was sent to Kelly Field in September, 
1917. He was first adjutant of the Concentration Brigade and 
later transferred to First Training Brigade and later promoted 
to be adjutant of the Trades Division, then made assistant ad- 
jutant of the brigade and later he became adjutant. 

Captain Soule was instrumental in the intelligent handling 
of nearly 200.000 recruits, who were passing through this post 
at the time. 



LIEUTENANT EDGAR C. SOULE 

First Lieutenant Edgar Clarke Soule entered the Second Of- 
ficers' Training Camp at Leon Springs, Texas, in August. 1917, 
graduating with the rank of Second Lieutenant of Artillery. 
Soon after the school closed, Lieutenant Soule was transferred 
to the Oround Officers. Aviation Division, at Rich Field. Waco. 
He remained here for three weeks and was then ordered over- 
seas. Arriving at Garden City. L. I., he was transferred to a 
permanent squadron with the rank of First Lieutenant and re- 
mained at Garden City. P>efore the signing of the armistice 
Lieutenant Soule was recommended for the rank of Ca])tain. 



86 



OFFICERS 



DILTZ BROTHERS 







'-!» n,. 



~:s98:&,4LiL*4^!J^ %-. 



Donald Diltz Mrs. Charles F. Diltz W. R. Diltz 



Whitelaw Reid Diltz enlisted August 4, 1918, left Houston 
August 8 for Camp Cody, New Mexico, leaving Camp Cody 
August 25 with the 34th Sandstorm Division, 109th Ammuni- 
tion Train, for Camp Dix, N. J. Left Camp Dix for overseas 
October 15, reaching Bordeaux, France, October 25; remained 
there until December 24, when ordered home, returning to 
the States January 5. Discharged February 3, 1919. 

Donnell Diltz enlisted in June, 1917, with Dr. Cody's Ambu- 
lance Company No. 357, in training at Camp Travis from Aug- 
ust 3 to February 25, 1918 ; then was transferred to Camp Lo- 
gan to 5th Division, Ambulance Company No. 17; left Houston 
May 13, 1918, arrived overseas June 4. 

Battles Engaged: Vosges Sector, June 19 to 22; St. Mihiel 
offensive, September 12 to 16 ; Meuse Argonne offensive, Octo- 
ber 11 to November 11, 1918. Returned to the States July. 
Discharged August 4, 1919. 

Donald Diltz citation for bravery : Ambulance Co. No. 17, 
Medical Dept., the 5th Sanitary Train, on October 17, 1918, 
when their ambulance loaded with patients was obstructed 
by traffic congestion and the road was under heavy shell fire 
helped to carry patients to the shelter of a nearby dugout. Im- 
mediately after completing this work their ambulance was 
struck by a shell and wrecked. Without regard for personal 
safety these two men saved the lives of nine patients in their 
chargfe. 



OFFICERS 



87 




DR. PHILO A. HOWARD 

Dr. Philo A. Howard, a prominent 
physician and surgeon of Houston, 
who enhsted in the medical corps 
and was commissioned a captam, 
sent to Camp Greenleaf at Fort 
Og-lethorpe, Ga., from which point 
he was sent to a base hospital, where 
he directed operations in bone sur- 
gery. 

Captain Howard is a son of A. R. 
Howard, treasurer of the Interna- 
tional & Great Northern Railway, 
and a brother of David S. Howard, 
senior lieutenant in the United 
States Navy, now serving in foreign 
waters. Another brother is George 
F. Howard, Secretary of State. Dr. Howard is prominently 
known in Houston, being a Mason and Shriner, a member of 
the Thalian and University Clubs, and a past president of the 
Harris County Medical Society. He is a graduate of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania in medicine and a fellow in the Amer- 
ican College of Surgeons. 

Before joining the colors he was chief surgeon of the (lulf 
Coast Lines, the Trinity & Brazos River Valley Railroad and 
the Galveston. Houston & lienderson Railroad. He was for- 
merly division surgeon of the International & Great Northern 
Railway. 

His wife worked constantly with Red Cross and is also presi- 
dent of Montrose School Mothers' Club, where she is highly 
appreciated. 

Dr. and Mrs. 1 loward have two children, little Miss Eugenia, 
who is very entertaining, and Master Alfred Ryland Howard. 

CAPTAIN F. M. DYER 

Captain F. M. Dyer trained at Camj) Stanley, Leon Springs, 
from which he graduated as first lieutenant soon after being 
promoted to captain. He is now camp adjutant at Camp Tra- 
vis. 

Lieut. B. H. Dyer graduated at Camp Pike and was made 
instructor, serving six months. Died soon after demobilization. 

Captain and Lieutenant Dyer are sons of Mrs. Alfred S. 
Dyer and nephews of Mrs. Thomas R. Franklyn. Both of 
these ladies have lived and been of great service to Houston 
for more than 60 vears. 



OFFICERS 



MAJOR KLINE 

Dr. L. B. Kline was educated at 
the George Washington University, 
Class 1907, and began practice in 
Texas in 1908. He was chairman of 
the Medical Milk Commission in 
1909. He was a post-graduate stu- 
dent of Transylvania University in 
1911. He then became a medical 
missionary to the Philippine Islands 
in 1912-1917. While there was the 
founder and organizer of the Vigan 
Christian Hospital. He entered the 
World War in 1918 as first lieuten- 
ant. Manager of Clinics at base hos- 
pital. Camp Dodge, 1919. Was com- 
missioned Captain of Medical Corps 

and attached to Base Hospital No. 77, France. Returned from 
France in 1919 and was commissioned Major M. R. C. He was 
placed in charge of City Health Office, Houston, Texas, May, 
1919. Dr. Kline is a young man of great promise. He has 
taken hold of the health problems of the city in a masterly 
way. His first great ambition is to establish a municipal hos- 
pital. This project bids fair to fruition. 




A. W. LARKIN 

A. W. Larkin has the distinction of serving longer in the 
World War than any other Houstonian. He went to Canada 
at 18 and enlisted with the Canadian forces and served with the 
British four and one-half years. 

Private Larkin saw a German aeroplane receive a direct 
hit from a British anti-aircraft. It was the only case known 
during the war, he said. The plane was making an attack on 
an observation balloon when the shell hit. The plane was 
blown completely to bits and not a trace was found. 

Later he saw one of the greatest shell holes made during 
the war. It was 41 feet across the top and 23 feet deep. 

Larkin wears on his tunic a service bar of five stripes, and 
nearly every stripe stands for a medal that he expects to re- 
ceive "in a couple of years." There is the much prized ribbon 
of 1914-15 Star, a medal to every man on active service in 
that time ; the American volunteer, a medal to every American 
who served with the allies before the United States entered the 
war; the Allied Ribbon and the British service medal. 



OFFICERS 89 

ROSTER OF HOUSTON DOCTORS WHO LEFT THEIR 
BUSINESS TO SERVE THEIR COUNTRY 

E. M. Arnold. C. M. Aves. C. W. Avdam. T- E. Clark. E. F. 
Cook, W. L. Culpeper. C. C. Cody, R. K. Dawes. L. Daily, P. R. 
Denman, T. A. Dickson, W. E. Dodge, R. M. Fancher, H. C. 
Feagan. A. H. Flickwir. J. H. Foster, J. F. Gamble, J. P. Gibbs, 
F. S. Glover, C. C. Green, E. L. Goar, A. E. Greer, C. W. Griff- 
ith, G. D. Grimes, Gordan Grimland. D. Greer, L. L. Handlev, 
C. B. Harwood, R. F. Herndon, T- A. Hill. G. Hamilton. S. P. 
Israel, H. L. D. Kirkham, J. Allen Kyle, C. P. Jones, G. W. 
Larendon, E. H. Lancaster, G. K. Lechenger, L. J. Logue, F. 
R. Lummis, J. B. Legnard. S. M. Lister, W. W. McMurrav, 
W. P. Meredith, J. C. Michael. Solon Milton. S. H. Moore. 
R. T. Alorris. J. T. Moore. M. V. Moth, E. C. Murray. A. J. 
Mynatt. F. G. Parkhill. G. D. Parker, C. F. Payne. J. E.'Pritch- 
ett, W. E. Ramsey, W. W. Ralston, E. F. Robbins. P. H. Scar- 
dino. I. W. Scott. G. H. Spurlock. M. B. Stokes. B. W. Turner, 
J. L. Taylor, W. M. Wier. R. D. Wilson. W. O. Williams. A. E. 
White. C. B. Young. 

THREE BROTHERS WHO SERVED IN FRANCE 

Sergeant Alex M. Wolf enlisted in the Third Cavalr}- in 
June, 1917. and received his first training at Cam]) Travis. He 
went overseas October. 1917. and landed at an l\nglish port, 
and after si)en(ling a few days at an Ivnglish rest camp, was 
sent to Burbanne-les-Bains. 

Private Nat S. Wolf enlisted in the Quartermaster Corps on 
November 15, 1917, and received his training at Camp John- 
ston, Florida, sailing for France in June, 1018. ^\•ith the 310th 
Supply Comj^any. Q. M. C, and has been on duty at a base 
su])ply depot in the S. O. S.. also serving as freight convoy to 
the advance de])ots. 

Private I. J. W'uli enlisted on May 6. 1918. and was i)lace(l 
witli tlie .S59th Infantry of the 90th Division. He saw service 
at St. Mihiel and in the Argonne Forest as regimental runner. 
He went over the top several times and the last report from 
him was that he was resting on the Rhine, waiting for the 
peace terms to be signed and a trip home. 

CORPORAL OSCAR H. RYAN 

Corporal Oscar H. Ryan, 2509 Prairie Avenue, wears the 
Distinguished Service Cross for extraordinary heroism in bat- 
tle. He was cited on two occasions by General Pershing; the 
first time at Faubuerg. France, on November 8, 1918, and at 
\'il]emontry. France. November 10, 1918. Corporal Ryan is a 
meml^er of Company K. 9th Infantry. 



90 NURSES 

ROLL OF HONOR 

Every nurse in this Roll of Honor Nurses saw actual service 
in the World War : 

Miss Mary Wood, Miss Lucy Brunson, Miss Carrie Sloan, 
Miss Hazel Braddick, Miss Elizabeth Jansing, Miss Agnes 
Bernis, Naval Hospital, Pensacola, Fla. ; Miss Harriet Mae, 
Evacuation Hospital No. 6, A. E. F. ; Miss Jean Dunnett, 
Evacuation Hospital 6, A. E. F. ; Miss Mary Massman, Camp 
Shelby, Hattiesburg, Miss. ; Miss Carrol Swan, Camp Johnston, 
Jacksonville, Fla.; Mrs. Grace Ingblad; Mrs. A. Latham, 132 
Forest Street, Spartanburg, S. C. ; Miss Helen Lamborn, Base 
Hospital No. 5, B. E. F. ; Miss A. Saybrac, Evacuation Hospi- 
tal No. 2, A. E. F. ; Miss Jessie Burt, 329 North Street, Ports- 
mouth, Va. ; Miss Katherine Nylan, Miss Cora McKinley, 
Miss Mary Ryan, Somewhere in France ; Miss Willie Mae Mc- 
Cary, Camp Travis, San Antonio ; Miss Kathryn Donovan, 
Camp McArthur, Waco ; Miss Mary Becknell, Miss Mae O'Ha- 
ran. Miss B. Portress, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio; Miss 
Eva Todd, Naval Hospital, Gulfport, Miss. ; Miss Mary Pick- 
ard. Unit No. 102, Italy; Miss Jo Cooper, Baylor Unit, A. E. 
F. ; Miss Beatrice Shoemaker (Army) ; Miss Lora Maddox 
(Navy) ; Miss Estelle Hunt, Carothers Field, Fort Worth ; Miss 
Sabine Fritch, Public Health, Houston; Miss Le Fleur, Public 
Health, Chicago ; Miss Ida Thompson (Army) ; Miss Ruth 
Harris, Miss Florence Jamison, Camp Travis, San Antonio ; 
Miss Maud Neubauer, Miss Mollie Cheatam, Miss Emma 
Kotte, Miss Mary McLean, Miss Myrtle Grant, Great Lakes 
Training Station; Miss Francis Morrow, Miss Rosa Lane, 
Naval Base No. 7; Miss Sara Pevoteaux, Fort Bliss, El Paso; 
Mrs. E. D. Holmes, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C. ; 
Miss Fannie Bently, Miss Sayde Collins, Clinic No. 11, Scanlan 
Building, Houston ; Miss Elaine Brown, 4 Place de la Concorde, 
A. E. F., Paris ; Miss Virginia Perkins, Miss Flavia Brown, 
Miss Florence Parr, Miss Gertrude Brogan, Somewhere in 
France; Mrs. Florence Morris, Camp Logan, Houston; Miss 
Dessie Robinson, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. ; Aliss Sallie Reagan, 
Naval Hospital, Gulfport, Miss.; Miss Jennie McMasters, 
Jackson Barracks, New Orleans ; Miss Ada Shubert, Camp Mc- 
Arthur, Waco ; Mrs. Dora Broaddus, Camp Wheeler, Macon, 
Ga. ; Miss Agnes Thielappe, Taliaferro Field, Texas ; Miss Em- 
ma Fischer, Miss Olga Fischer, Miss Charlotte Douglas, Miss 
Nema McShay, Miss Clara Pix, Miss Gertrude Franks, Camp 
Travis, San Antonio; Miss Maggie House, Miss Katie Early, 
Naval Base No. 7; Miss May Dolive (Army); Miss Troski, 
Naval Base, Philadelphia ; Miss Daisy Driver, Camp Travis, 
San Antonio ; Miss Martha Ross, Camp Bowie, Fort Worth. 

The gold stars are : Miss Emma Kotte and Miss Myrtle 
Grant. 



\\'AR CA^IP COMMUNITY SERVICE 91 



War Camp Community Service 

^^'ar Camp Community Service was inaugurated in Houston 
in the summer of 1917 as soon as the first pl:ans were made 
for the establishment of Camp Logan. Mr. Roy Smith Wal- 
lace, who was then District Representative and Orgaiiizer for 
the service, came to Houston and after several conferences 
with prominent people the Service was established in connec- 
tion with the Civic Department of the Chamber of Commerce. 
It was known as the War Service Commission. Clarence R. 
Wharton was appointed Executive Chairman and William B. 
Hopkins soon came to Houston to assist in conducting the 
work as community organizer. A program of activities was 
immediately mapped out with twenty committees covering 
various lines of hospitality and civic effort necessary to make 
the soldiers in the camps welcome and render them any pos- 
sible service during their frequent visits to the city. A big 
hospitality week was planned October 17 to 24, 1917, in which 
nearly every church, club, lodge and civic society participated 
and the men in Camp Logan were made to feel that they were 
more than welcome in Houston. On Jamiarv 1 Mr. Hopkins 
was transferred to take up other organization work for the 
War Camp Communit}- Service and John H. Snook of Detroit 
was assigned as community organizer for Houston. During 
the fall of 1917, in addition to the hospitality week, the Thalian 
Club was opened up as a soldier club and the Press Club was 
thrown open and later known as the Khaki Club, b'arly in 
December, 1917, the Houston Light Guard Association con- 
tributed the use of their spacious rooms for a soldier club and 
recreational canteen. Arrangements were entered into by the 
Wav Camp Community Service whereby the twenty-eight (28) 
women's clubs affiliated with the Federation of Women's 
Clubs were to act as hostesses and conduct the canteen. This 
Soldiers' Club became widely known among the men in the 
camps and came to be looked upon as home by thousands of 
visiting soldiers, sailors and marines. Mrs. W'. P>. Shar]) was 
chairman of the canteen and Mrs. A. C. Ford, commandant. 
Mrs. H. F. Ring was on the Executive Committee and hun- 
dreds of Plouston ladies acted as hostesses. 

The members of the present Executive Committee are as 
follows : A. S. Cleveland, chairman ; William A. Wilson, Judge 
Chester H. Bryan, David Daly, Abe Levy, Supt. P. W. Vlorn, 
Miss Florence M. Sterling, treasurer; Mrs. W. B. Sharp, Mrs. 
lames A. llakt-r, C. W. Wedge, executive secretary. 



92_ WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 

War Camp Community Service put on a varied program, 
never any set rules as to what the program would be, new 
ideas being created for the entertainment of soldiers from 
time to time; in this way it was possible to use many agencies 
and organizations in the various phases of the work. One of 
the features of the outdoor entertainments during the sum- 
mer of 1917 was the Texas watermelon parties given on the 
lawns of different citizens of Houston to different detachments 
of soldiers from Ellington Field and Camp Logan. At these 
parties the largest, juiciest and coolest melons on the market 
were cut open by the women's organizations in the city, who 
would be entertaining that night. 100 men were entertained 
in one group on the lawn of Miss Harriet Levy and Mrs. A. L. 
Nelms assisting. Others were held on the lawns of Mrs. James 
A. Baker, Mrs. R. C. Duff, Mrs. R. S. Sterling. A large water- 
melon party was also given at Hermann Park in co-operation 
with the Rotary Club at which 600 men were feasted on water- 
melons. Needless to say the men enjoyed these parties not 
only for the watermelons but for the surroundings and com- 
pany. They were brought in contact with Houston's best 
women citizens accompanied by their daughters, who were 
present at these affairs under the supervision of War Camp 
Community Service. 

One of the first cities to take up the "Give a Soldier a Ride 
Movement" was Houston under the direction of War Camp 
Community Service. Small red circle stickers with the notice 
on it that this automobile will give a ride to any soldier going 
his way were placed on thousands of cars in Houston by the 
Boy Scouts. Later on after the armistice was signed and the 
men were returning home a sticker with "Welcome Home 
Victorious Sons, War Mothers of America" with War Camp 
Community Service insignia on them were placed on automo- 
bile windshields by the Boy Scouts, many thousands of these 
stickers were also on the windows of business houses and pri- 
vate homes and wherever a returned soldier happened to 
glance he was greeted by these welcome posters. The Boy 
Scouts rendered valuable service in distributing these stickers. 
They were supervised by George W. Powell and A. E. Adcock, 

A party of unusual interest was given through War Camp 
Community Service at the summer home of Mrs. A. L. Nelms 
on the beach at Bay Ridge where their beautiful summer home, 
Mirimer, was thrown open to the officers and their wives and 
lady friends for an afternoon and evening of continuous pleas- 
ure. Bathing, dancing and refreshments were enjoyed by a 
large number of these officers and the hospitality of Mrs. 
Nelms was shown in real Southern style. The Clara Barton 



W'AR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 93 

Chapter of the Red Cross, in co-operation with War Camp 
Community Service, remembered the men in camp who were 
ill in the hospitals by distributing several especially prepared 
Easter baskets. These baskets contained wonderfully colored 
Easter eggs. Needless to say the men in the hospitals were 
cheered by this friendly remembrance. 

The men at the base hospital at Camp Logan after the ar- 
mistice had been signed were not having any entertainment 
to speak of so the authorities appealed to ^^'ar Camp Com- 
munity Service to send some entertainment to the conval- 
escent house for these men. Through the co-operation of the 
Prince Theatre and its management several good shows taken 
to the hospital at Camp Logan in the afternoons were enjoyed 
by all the convalescent patients in the camp. The Red Cross 
Motor Corps assisted in the furnishing of transportation for 
these affairs. One of the most beautiful activities partici- 
pated in by the War Camp Community Service, assisted by 
the school children and an especially appointed flower commit- 
tee from the ladies of Houston, was a rose shower sent to the 
men in the camp at the time of year when the roses of Hous- 
ton were at their best. This idea came from Mrs. John H. 
Snook, who being a lover of flowers herself, knew the men in 
camps would be cheered by being remembered by thousands 
of flowers from the people in town. There was some appre- 
hension felt at first that there would not be enough to go 
around, but the camp was literally showered with roses, mess 
halls, barracks, officers' quarters, headciuarters, hospital, 
guard house, and in fact a few minutes after the thirty-four 
automobiles containing the roses had entered camp every man 
in camp could be seen wearing one or more beautiful roses. 
There were two of these rose showers given, the last one being 
given carlv in the spring of 1919 and as l'"llington Field was 
the onh' oani[) in existence at that time twelve automobile 
loads of roses were taken to the camp, gathered by the school 
children of Houston and distributed by twelve volunteer auto- 
mol)ile cars. 

The leisure time of the men on Sundays became a i)robleni, 
especially Sunday afternoon, and in looking forward to this 
War Camp Community Service put on a series of Sunday en- 
tertainments at the City Auditorium, varying the program 
so as to make it interesting and different each time. The 
programs consisted mainly of at least one patriotic address and 
always plenty of good music. The different bands at Camp 
Logan gave band concerts, much soldier talent was used in 
quartettes, solos and various other ways. The local musical 
fraternities of Houston gave of their ability very freely. Some 



94 WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVI CE 

very noted speakers were heard and these concerts or enter- 
tainments had an average attendance of 3500 people. 

One of the distinct and special pieces of work put on by the 
War Camp Community Service was its housing bureau, which 
found homes for many thousands of the officers and men 
in the camps, whose families came to be near them. This 
bureau was first in the hands of Mrs. Helen Jaquess, later on 
Mrs. Gladys Daly had charge of this. All the people of Hous- 
ton who had houses or rooms for rent would call the bureau, 
but before anyone was sent out to rent the place it was thor- 
oughly examined, the surroundings, location, cleanliness and 
the prices asked for the rent. In this way a man knew exactly 
beforehand what kind of a place he was about to rent. Need- 
less to say this form of service rendered valuable assistance 
to the men in that they did not have to spend time looking 
up a house when they were confident when they found one it 
would be a good place. 

Dancing, of course, had a prominent part in the entertain- 
ment of the soldiers and officers of the camps. The Federated 
Women's Clubs, in co-operation with the War Camp Commu- 
nity Service, were able to get the Light Guard Armory and 
open it up as a Recreational Canteen for the enlisted men. 
The University Club, one of the most beautiful clubs in the 
city, was secured through War Camp Community Service as a 
club for the officers of the camps. The Theosophical Society 
club rooms were used both for the enlisted men and cadets, 
giving each division of the army thereby a special place to 
congregate. The Recreational Canteen was run under a very 
strict manner, there were twenty-eight women's clubs who 
had the entertaining at this canteen, each club with its com- 
mittee of chaperons would entertain one night, furnishing all 
the eats for that day, and home hospitality to the men as they 
came to town. In this way each club would entertain practi- 
cally once a month. A special hostess was employed by the 
War Camp Community Service to be at the club every day and 
in looking over the field Mrs. Eugene Blake was selected as 
the official hostess. Doubtless there are few women in the 
United States today who have so many pleasant acquaintances 
and remembrances as Mrs. Blake which she made during her 
service at the Recreational Canteen. She has many souvenirs 
and mementos, both given to and sent her by the different 
organizations of soldiers. Girls were admitted to the dance 
and other activities by card only. When a girl wanted to get 
one of these cards she would have to get two written recom- 
mendations signed by two local women of Houston who were 
known by War Camp Community Service. Consequently the 



WAR CAJvIP COMMUNITY SERVICE 95 

girls attending the canteen dances were some of the nicest 
girls of Houston. 

During the spring of 1919 the canteen was moved from the 
Light Guard Armory to the City Auditorium banquet hall on 
the second floor. Practically the same arrangements were 
adhered to until August 31 when it was decided to hold two 
dances a week for the remainder of the season on the Carter 
Roof. The University Club was thrown open to officers only 
and their guests. This club provided an excellent club room 
and meeting place for all the officers with its spacious reading 
and writing room, billiard and pool tables, music and rest 
room. In connection the members of the University Club 
were always very cordial to the officers, making them feel 
entirely at home. Dances were given twice a week through 
the co-operation of the Pan-Hellenic Girls and several enter- 
tainments were given for the officers where the local theatres 
would furnish some of their best acts for these affairs. The 
Theosophical Society threw open their club rooms to the 
cadets and enlisted men of the various camps by holding three 
dances a week at which chaperons were provided. Miss Ada 
Schaeffer and Mrs. H. L. Robertson acted as chaperons and 
assisted in entertaining the men. Through these three club 
rooms many thousands of men and officers were entertained 
at these parties. The women of the city lent invaluable service 
by assisting in chaperoning and serving refreshments and eats 
and in other ways. This was one of the best means the men 
had of meeting the real worth-while people of the city. Many 
of the men who met people at these dances and club rooms 
received invitations to home affairs and the home hospitality 
extended by the people of Houston to these soldiers will never 
be forgotten by the men in the camps. The great Allied War 
Exposition sent out by the United States Government con- 
taining war trophies from every one of the allied countries 
was exhibited in Houston under the auspices of the Y. M. B. L. 
War Camp Community Service assisted in this exposition by 
having an Ellington Field Day at which the men of Ellington 
P'ield received transportation and tickets to the exposition 
at reduced prices with the War ^Mothers entertaining them 
in the afternoon with light refreshments and a dance. Dur- 
ing the Fifth Liberty Loan Drive War Camp Community Serv- 
ice turned over its central office at 925 Texas Avenue to the 
local Liberty Loan Committee and the entire Victory Loan 
for Harris County was sold out of War Camp Community 
Service office. The sailors and navy men who arrived in Hous- 
ton were always looked after by the Mothers of the Navy, 
many times the War Camp Communitv Service co-operating 



96 WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 

with them in entertaining these men. One of the well to be 
remembered entertainments was that given the officers and 
men of the U. S. Destroyers Biel and Ammen, who arrived in 
port to assist in advertising the Liberty Loan. The sailors were 
entertained first with an automobile ride around the city in 
cars furnished by the Automobile Dealers' Association, Moth- 
ers of the Navy and a committee headed by Mrs. F. M. Court. 
Immediately following the automobile ride the men were 
guests of Messrs. Doak Roberts and Otto Sens at the Hous- 
ton ball park where one of the Texas League ball games was 
being played. Following this they were taken to the Red 
Cross Canteen at the Grand Central Depot, where the Red 
Cross workers under the direction of Mrs. Gilliland served 
them supper. After that the regular weekly show at the 
Majestic Theatre was open free with special reserved seats 
on the three front rows, following which a dance was held 
for them in the Theosophical Society club rooms where the 
Mothers of the Navy served refreshments and entertained the 
men until 12 :30, at which time they were loaded on special 
street cars and taken back to their ships, all claiming it a per- 
fect day. Practically the same entertainment was given by 
the Mothers of the Navy and War Camp Community Service 
to the men of the U. S. Destroyer Comanche and the captured 
U-Boat U-88. A special feature of this program was a flower 
shower given by the Mothers of the Navy, each boat received 
two large bouquets of Houston flowers, one for the ofl^icers 
and one for the men. The War Camp Community Service 
and the Red Cross co-operated at the depots in welcoming 
home soldiers of detachments who did not belong in Houston, 
some who were merely passing through, who would of course 
receive attention from the canteen workers, but if they stayed 
in Houston any length of time the Red Cross would notify War 
Camp Community Service and some sort of entertainment 
would be put on for them. After the armistice was signed it 
became a problem to help the soldier return to civilian life 
and to find jobs for the returning men. War Camp Community 
Service was asked by the War Department to fill this need 
and in nearly every city where War Camp Community Service 
was established a special man was put on to look after the 
employment of the returned soldiers. Lieut. J. C. Fenn was 
given charge of the Houston Special Soldiers' Employment 
Office and up to September 1 he had placed 1500 men in re- 
sponsible positions throughout the city. 

Community singing was also conducted through War Camp 
Community Service, Roscoe Snyder being secured as commu- 
nity song organizer for War Camp Community Service in 



WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVIC E 97 

Houston. Singsongs were held in the different playgrounds, 
business houses, parks, at noonday business men's luncheons, 
churches and in fact everywhere the people would gather Mr. 
Snyder would have them singing. There is no form of amuse- 
ment that has added more greatly to both soldier and civilian 
morale than singing. During the war many of the leaders in 
the camps found that by having singsongs and getting the 
men to singing earh- in the morning they would generally keep 
it up all day. Consequentl}' community singing developed 
out of the war and will continue through peace times. 

Early in April the first of the overseas troops began arriving 
home and in order to welcome them home a large committee 
appointed by War Camp Community Service to be the official 
welcome home committee of the city approved by the mayor 
were appointed as follows : Mayor Amerman. A. J. Dow, Jr.. 
Peter Gray Sears, Col. Jo S. Rice, George E. Kepple. Thos. 
Kehoe, E. A. Hudson, T. H. Dickson, John Freeman. Palmer 
Hutcheson, Ben S. Davison, E. C. Rousell, Col. C. J. Kirk, Col. 
Jacob F. Wolters, Mrs. F. L. Dana, Mrs. M. B. Kelly, Mrs. 
Sam Kaiser, Miss F. M. Sterling, Mrs. M. A. Toy, Mrs. H. F. 
Ring. The first troops of Houston men to arrive home were 
the 132d Field Artillery, who reached here on Sunday. April 
6th. One of the grandest welcome liomcs imaginable was 
given these troops. They arrived at the Union Station about 
4:00 p. m. and fully 10,000 people were at the station where the 
welcome home committee had arranged with a sub-committee 
a rose shower and as the men rolled into the station they 
were greeted by the Lewis city band, yells from everybody 
present, the booming (jf Timmons' cannon, and thousands of 
roses were showered upon them. After a short stay at the 
depot giving the relatives a chance to meet the boys, the men 
were marched to the City Auditorium amid packed streets, 
fully 75.000 people lining the streets to see the men pass. At 
the Auditorium they were served with refreshments. Over 
four hundred home-made cakes, hot coffee, sandwiches, candy, 
fruit, ice cream and cigarettes, all donated by the different 
merchants of the city and served by the women of the vari- 
ous clubs of the city. The hall was decorated with flowers, 
American flags, ferns donated by the florists of the city and 
taken care of by a committee under the direction of Mrs. 
C. K. Wilbanks. At the head of every parade were the four 
allied silk flags loaned by W. C. Munn Co. with men from his 
employ to carry them. The welcome home given the troops 
was a stupendous undertaking. Relatives from all over the 
country literally thronged the office of War Camp Community 
Service for information regarding the return of the troops. 



98 WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 

In this respect much praise is due the traffic managers of the 
Southern Pacific and Gulf Coast Lines, Mr. McClure and 
Mr. Meeks, who co-operated in every way possible. From 
April 6 on to early in August thousands of men were welcomed 
back to Houston, the program varying very little as it was the 
idea to give each bunch of men the same welcome the others 
received. Exceedingly high praise is due the women of the 
city who gave their time and labor unsparingly to the wel- 
come home committee in arranging these affairs. Hundreds 
of women worked all day long and often into the night to 
help welcome the boys home. The merchants of the city con- 
tributed freely refreshments for the affairs. Practically every- 
thing that was provided for the boys was given free gratis. 
The Red Cross Canteen workers under the direction of Mrs. 
Gilliland co-operated with the War Camp Community Service 
in the welcome homes and many troops who were unable to 
get to the Auditorium were given eats of all description at the 
station by the canteen workers. The 36th and 90th Divisions 
were the two largest divisions arriving, practically all arriv- 
ing in one week, in which War Camp Community Service 
committees worked night and day taking care of these men 
in true Houston style. 

The following are some of the committees assisting War 
Camp Community Service during its existence in Houston: 
Soldier Club Committee— H. P. Ellis, Mrs. A. C. Ford, Mrs. 
Bradley, Mr. W. D. Cleveland, Mr. Spotts, Mr. Noble. Music 
Committee — Mrs. Edna W. Saunders, Mrs. J. Allen Kyle, Miss 
Ima Hogg, Mrs. Turner Williamson, Miss Florence Sterling. 
Memorial Committee — Judge Edwin B. Parker, James Shel- 
ton, A. J. Dow, Jr., Mayor Amerman. Home Hospitality Com- 
mittee—Mrs. H. B. Fall, chairman; Mrs. R. W. Knox, Mrs. 
W. G. Love, Mrs. John Parker, Mrs. S. F. Carter. Church 
Hospitality Committee — Mrs. W. F. Wilson, chairman ; Mrs. 
R. E. Burt, Mrs. Kate J. Higgins, Mrs. Jesse Andrews, Miss 
Harriet Levy. 



WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 99 

HISTORY OF COLORED DEPARTMENT OF WAR CAMP 
COMMUNITY SERVICE 

July 25 Through September 18, 1919 
Introductory Data 

In May, 1919, Mr. E. T. Atwell, traveling representative in 
Colored Work, made a survey of Houston for the purpose of 
planning for a Department of Colored Work in case condi- 
tions justified the creation of the same. Mr. E. T. Atwell and 
Mr. J. H. Snook, formerly community organizer of Houston, 
prepared a three thousand dollar ($3000.00) budget for Colored 
Work, which budget provided for a Community Center for 
returned soldiers and for entertainments to be given at the 
same. In June this budget was granted by National Head- 
quarters and an attempt was made to secure as special assist- 
ant in Colored Work some one who had successfully overcome 
difficulties similar to those facing Colored Work in Houston. 
To this end V. E. Daniel, who was in charge of the Depart- 
ment of Colored Work of the Norfolk War Camp Community 
Service, was transferred to Houston, arriving on the evening 
of July 25. Mr. C. W. Wedge, Community Organizer, in- 
structed Mr. J. W. Beard, Associate Community Organizer, to 
co-operate with Mr. Daniel in the establishment of a Red 
Circle Recreational Center to be named the Victory Club. The 
club is located at the corner of Milam Street and Prairie Ave- 
nue, in the heart of the colored business section. 

After inspection by the social workers of Houston, the War 
Mothers and the Executive Committee the Victory Club was 
formally opened to the public on Thursday evening, August 2h 

The Opening of the Victory Club 

After giving a short history of the Red Circle movement 
V. E. Daniel, Special Assistant in Colored Work, introduced 
Mr. J. W. Beard, Associate Director, who gave an account of 
the establishment of the club. Mr. Beard introduced Mr. 
C. W. Wedge, Community Organizer, who presented the club 
to the soldiers and citizens on behalf of War Camp Community 
Service. Prof. E. O. Smith, Vice-Chairman of the Advisory 
Council in Colored Work, responded on behalf of citizens and 
Advisory Council. Then followed the presentation of the club 
by Judge Chester H. Bryan on behalf of the Executive Com- 
mittee, after which Lieut. J. L. Hubert accepted the club on 
the part of the soldiers. V. E. Daniel then presented Miss C. 



100 WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 

O. McDowell, who had been assigned to Houston as Special 
Assistant in Recreational Work for girls and young women. 
Musical numbers were rendered by Mr. Percy Foster of the 
"Y" and Mr. W. S. DeLeston, a Spanish war veteran. The 
facilities of the club include a reading and writing room, rec- 
reation hall and an auditorium. Office space is provided and 
provision is made for canteen service and some work in do- 
mestic science. 

Organization 

Because of the large number of people interested in Com- 
munity Service it was found necessary to arrange for a large 
Advisory Council in Colored Work, in the organization of 
which a special effort was made to build a machine which 
would work without friction. Prof. J. D. Ryan, Principal of 
Colored High, was appointed chairman and Prof. E. O. Smith, 
principal of one of the elementary schools, was appointed vice- 
chairman. Other members of the committee are : R. L. An- 
drews, grocer ; J. L. Blount, architect and teacher ; O. P. 
DeWalt, theatre manager ; C. A. Gilmore, editor and publisher ; 
F. J. Gray, barber; J. B. Grigsby, insurance executive; Rev. 
E. J. Howard, Methodist minister; J. W. Hubert, blacksmith; 
Dr. C. A. Jackson, specialist ; Lieut. Frank Lane, grocer ; Prof. 
W. E. Miller, school principal ; Dr. T. V. Overton, physician ; 
Prof. E. D. Pierson, High School teacher; Dr. B. R. Peters, 
optometrist; Mrs. M. Baker, of Business Influence; Mme. 
Rochon, music teacher, and Mrs. Mabel Wesley, school prin- 
cipal. Other committees are being formed for the purpose of 
handling the various phases of the War Camp Work. 

Miss McDowell, who has charge of the Girls' Department, 
has organized an Advisory Committee in Colored Girls' Work. 
Mrs. A. Z. Hester is the chairman of this committee and Mrs. 
T. M. Fairchild is the vice-chairman. Other members of the 
committee are : Mesdames Baker, Rochon and Wesley of the 
Colored Advisory Council ; Miss Thyra Edwards of the Hous- 
ton Social Service Bureau, and Mesdames Jno. Adkins, R. L. 
Andrews, D. D. Carter, J. N. Dodson, J. M. Frierson, G. C. 
Houston, E. S. Kennard, J. Vance Lewis, W. E. Miller, W. 
L. Perry, Wilfred Price, C. A. Scott, E. C. Scott and E. O. 
Smith. Besides, arrangements are being made for the ap- 
pointment of superintendents of Girls' Clubs. 



WAR CAMP CO^OIUNITY SERVjCE_ 



101 



Entertainment 

Each Wednesday night since the opening of the Victory 
Club there has been a musical and literary entertainment. 
Among those assisting in the mid-week musicales are : Mnie. 
Rochon of Advisory Council, Mrs. G. h. Birdwell, Mrs P. O. 
Smith all prominent workers in church choirs ; Cuney Foster, 
president of the "Y," Claudia Harper, pianist ; W. S. DeLeston, 
and Herbert Lott. violinists; Misses Bell. Ella Curtis, Irene 
Spencer and ^Ir. Birdwell. vocal soloists, and AIiss Thyra 
Edwards, reader, have also assisted in the programs. 



Community Sing 

Community sings have been held in connection with all of 
the gatherings at the Victory Red Circle Club. On the open- 
ing night Mr. Roscoe Snyder, song leader for Houston, di- 
rected the sing, while Mrs'. Hubert served as accompanist. At 
the mothers' meeting on September 11 Mme. Rochon of Advis- 
ory Council directed the sing, while Miss Plortense Houston 
presided at the piano. The first Wednesday sing was directed 
by Cuney Foster, Claudia Harper serving as pianist. The 
Sunday s'ing has been in charge of Prof, and Mrs. J. L. Blount 
and :M'r. Leroy Byrd. The Victory Club noonday sings which 
began September' 16. have been in charge of Mme. Rochon and 
Leroy Byrd, a discharged soldier. Henry Filmore and P.essie 
Peachy have assisted at the piano. 

Co-Operation With Other Agencies 

The Department of Colored Work is co-operating with local 
churches, schools, press, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., and the Dra- 
matical Association, and so far has not found this co-operation 
very difficult. 

The organizations and the chairmen assisting War Camp 
Community Service in conducting the canteen during its oper- 
ation in Houston arc as follows : College Women's Club. Mrs. 
Caldwell ; Woodland Civic Club. Mrs. C. W. Crawford ; North 
Side Civic Club, Mrs. W. E. Gilliland ; Second Ward Civic Club, 
Mrs. Ida Fromm ; Houston Chapter Eastern Star. Mrs. Vann ; 
Mothers' Club Fannin School, Mrs. Robert Snyder, also Mrs. 
Dannenbaum ; Art League, Mrs. Lizzy Hay ; Robert E. Lee 
Chai)ter. D. U. C, Mrs. L. D. Fletcher; Choral Club, Mrs. F. 
M. Johnson; Maccabees, Mrs. Lucy B. Clark; Council Jewish 
Women, Mrs. Sam Kaiser; Child's Welfare League. Mrs. E. 



102 



WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 



Ensign ; Volunteer Committee, Mrs. Phillips Gibbs, also Miss 
Mary Waldo; Daughters of Isabella, Mrs. H. J. Hodges ; Hous- 
ton Teachers, Mrs. M. D. McLeod; Newman Circle, Mrs. W. S. 
Hunt ; Housewives League, Mrs. Sadie Timmins and Mrs. 
Heanly ; Ransford Chapter Eastern Star, Mrs. B. M. Kuminir ; 
Stella Christian Sunshine Society, Mrs. C. R. Davis ; Current 
Literature, Mrs. H. D. Moore; War Mothers, Mrs. J. A. Mc- 
Clellan ; University Club, Mrs. H. A. Kipp ; Women's Relief 
Corps, Mrs. G. J. Hopper; Harris County Equal Suffrage, Mrs. 
G. A. Young; Houston Suffrage, Mrs. W. N. Grains; State 
Chairman Recreational Canteen, Mrs. W. B. Sharp ; Federation 
of Women's Clubs, Mrs. H. F. Ring; Publicity Committee, Mrs. 
A. C. Ford, also Mrs. R. R. Dancy ; Entertainment Committee, 
Mrs. W. M. Saunders ; Hostess Recreational Canteen, Mrs. 
Eugene Blake ; Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Aline M. Dea- 
gan. 

Office staff of the Local War Camp Community Service : C. 
W. Wedge, executive secretary; J. W. Beard, associate secre- 
tary; Mr. J. C. Fenn, employment secretary; Miss Constance 
Higgins, bookkeeper ; Miss Ruth Springfield, stenographer ; 
Mr. J. C. Miller, night and holiday information worker ; V. E. 
Daniel, colored assistant, and Cornelia McDowell, colored girls' 
worker. 





Mr. J. H. Snook 

Manager War Camp Community 

Service 



Mrs. Eugene Blake 
Chairman of Entertainment 



WAR CAMP COABIUNITY SERVICE 



103 



MR. A. S. CLEVELAND 

Mr. Cleveland, chairman 
of executive committee of 
the War Camp Community 
Service, is one of Houston's 
most esteemed and patriotic 
citizens. He not only gave 
unstintingly of his servicv^. to 
the \\'ar Camp Community 
Service, but helped con- 
stantly with all other war 
activities. He was a Director 
of Red- Cross and chairman 
of the Red Cross Home 
Service Department. ^Ir. 
Cleveland is a trustee of the 
city schools and secretary of 
School P)oard. He has l)een 
a prominent citizen always, 
prominent in church work, in 
civic work and in social cir- 
cles. He is always pleasant 
to work with, courteous and 
considerate of his co-work- 

erse. He is a son of Wm. D. Cleveland and onr o\ the hrm of 
Wm. D. Cleveland & Sons. 




•^t(? 



Red Cross or War Camp. 

— which is the best? 
Red Cross and War Camp? 

— both stood the test. 

It is a remarkable fact that our l)ii,^ nu-n were not satished 
to work with one organization — they wanted to help all. Pa- 
triotism is a wonderful thing, it levels all barriers and instills 
a World-love into the hearts of men that nothing else can. 



104 



WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE 



MISS FLORENCE M. STERLING 
Treasurer War Camp Community Service of Houston 



Miss Sterling is one of the 
women of Houston who is 
deserving of very special 
mention. But she has in- 
sisted that we state only the 
facts briefly. But we are con- 
strained to say that few wo- 
men have achieved the high 
standard of efficiency in the 
business world that has been 
attained by Miss Sterling. 
She is secretary of the Hum- 
ble Oil & Refining Co., and is 
secretary and treasurer of 
the Sterling Investment Co. 
Her executive ability has 
been recognized not only in 
the business world, but by 
the general public of Hous- 
ton. Yet with all her busi- 
ness activities she finds time 
to assist freely with both 
money and personal service 
in every worthy enterprise for civic and moral advancement. 
Her judgment is good and her counsel and advice much sought 
after. In all of the recent war activities she was assigned a 
prominent part. She served on the executive boards of the lo- 
cal chapter of the American Red Cross and War Camp Com- 
munity Service. She is the permanent secretary of the Expo- 
sition Board of Houston, and a member of the Advisory Com- 
mittee of the City Board of Education. She is active in church, 
Sunday School and Y. W. C. A. work, and has taken part in a 
great deal of charitable work that has never been made public. 
She is the daughter of Captain B. F. Sterling and her moth- 
er's maiden name was Mary J. Bryan. 




CLUBS AXD ORGANIZATIONS 105 

Clubs and Organizations 

THE HOUSEWIVES' LEAGUE 

In the world of economics we know that we are not upon 
a solid basis when we deal with individuals. This fundamen- 
tal economic law inspired organization among producers, man- 
ufacturers and the trade. But the consumer was slow to rec- 
ognize the need and for years remained the individual buyer. 
Some seven or eight years ago, when we began to feel the 
pressure of the price of foodstuffs, woman awoke to the de- 
fenseless place she held, also to the slipshod way in which 
as a whole she conducted the great business of being the ad- 
ministrator for 90 per cent of the funds of which the husband 
was the producer. 

Following this awakening there was launched in New York 
City a Housewives' League which rapidly spread into a nation- 
al organization soon enrolling over 800,000 members. Mrs. 
Julian Heath was its first and is still its president. 

The Houston branch came into being as a permanent or- 
ganization October 7, 1914. The women were called together 
en masse by Mrs. H. B. Fall, who was the president of the 
Texas Federation of Women's Clubs. As suggested above the 
])urpose was to make better housewives of our women by 
showing them the necessity of giving their best attention to 
their homes ; to lead them to feel that housework is not de- 
grading ; that she must look upon her place in the home as 
purchasing agent, in a businesslike way, and know how to get 
100 cents worth for her dollar. The daily papers gave hearty 
support to the movement, the Houston Post setting aside a. 
space to make public its activities. In no small way did this 
contribute to the League's success. 

Mrs. J. Edw. Hodges was made its first president. A board 
of directors was the controlling body and an advisory board 
was also chosen. The city was divided into districts and many 
auxiliary bodies formed, as in this way the particular needs 
of any neighborhood could be better considered. Soon some 
1500 liousewives enrolled. Junior societies were also formed 
whose purpose was to lead the girls to an interest in domestic 
science and teach them to insist upon clean candy, clean ice 
cream and the like. 

The League met with much success from the start, though 
not without perseverance and labor. Many prices were regu- 
lated, especially was meat reduced. The policy was not to boy- 
cott any, but rather to throw patronage to the tradesman 
making fair profit and conducting his business in a clean es- 



106 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

tablishment. It was the desire of the League at all times not 
to be an antagonistic body, but rather to seek co-operation 
from the dealers, many of whom from time to time appeared 
at the meetings and gave technical talks on the handling of 
different commodities in which the housewife is interested. 
Some whose standard met the requirements in sanitation and 
price became sustaining members and displayed the League 
symbol at their places of business. The housewife on her part 
was urged to eliminate those careless practices which tend to 
raise the retail price, such as too frequent deliveries, buying 
in too small quantities and slowness in paying accounts. In 
fact, "Pay Cash and Take a Bundle Home" became the slogan 
of the organization. They were also urged to refrain from 
handling food on display for sale. The use of young veal was 
discouraged as tending to cut off the future beef supply. It 
also sells for a high price and lacks in nutritive value. 

Dairies and bakeries were thoroughly inspected and many 
"clean ups" followed, as was also the case in other varieties of 
food producing and food dispensing places. Penny change, 
which before the advent of the Housewives' League was al- 
most unknown in Houston, became quite generally adopted 
through its agitation for the same. The late Mrs. Darwin, 
who was then one of the State food inspectors, rendered untold 
aid by making frequent visits, organizing and instructing vis- 
iting committees in sanitation work. Score cards were urged 
for the dairies and their standings shown on a large bulletin 
board conducted by the League. During the last of Mrs. 
Hodges' administration, her time being absorbed by the Texas 
Woman's Fair, Mrs. J. A. Hautier, who had been quite active 
from the start, very ably acted as president. 

Mrs. Bedford F. Coop was chosen the second president and 
followed up the general lines of activity which had already 
been established. During her administration a downtown of- 
fice and headquarters was established on the fourth floor of 
the Kress Building. This supplied a bureau of information on 
many matters in which housewives became interested and in- 
quiring. Magazines pertaining to good housekeeping were 
furnished for the public ; from it also the work of organizing 
women in other cities was pushed. Mrs. Coop was appointed 
State chairman for Texas by the National Body, which place 
she still holds. At this time meetings were held twice a 
month, the first for general business and discussions, the sec- 
ond for demonstration purposes. 

Mrs. E. A. Calvin was elected the third president. The war 
coming on, new activities were demanded of the workers. 
Headquarters were moved to the ground floor of the Stewart 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 107 

Building, where the work of food conservation and preser- 
vation could be extensively done. Two steam pressure can- 
ners were installed and the housewives free of charge could 
can their supplies of vegetables and fruits and help in the great 
cause of food conservation, which was such a crying need at 
this time. A competent operator was in charge of this work, 
who both directed and assisted in the canning and hundreds of 
cans were added to the city's food closets. This place was 
open for operation two days each week and in rush seasons 
oftener. The League for several months financed the demon- 
strations which were conducted in the city's domestic science 
schools under the direction of ]\Iiss Lou Stallman, who was 
located in the city in the employment of the Food Administra- 
tion. This work was to guide in the use of substitute foods 
which was so stressed during the war. Sixteen of these cen- 
ters were in operation. 

\\'hile this work was progressing to aid in the national and 
patriotic movement of food conservation, on the third floor 
of the same building an equally busy work shop was in oper- 
ation. Here rooms were fitted up for the making of surgical 
dressings and garments under the direction of the Red Cross. 
Mrs. Sidney Huston, as first chairman of this department, serv- 
ing three months. Mrs. Ida Fromm succeeded Mrs. Huston, 
serving eight months. Here twice a week were gathered many 
members and thousands of surgical dressings were turned out. 

The League also took its regular days as hostess to the sol- 
dier boys at the canteen, conducted by the City Federation, 
and in cacli and every drive that was made for the various 
war funds it had its committees on hand to help, as well as 
to make substantial donations as a body in all the various bene- 
fits the war called forth. A member of the League was chosen 
by the Food Administration to represent the consumer in the 
deli])erations of the Houston Price Interpreting Committee, 
and faithfully served in that capacity during the war period. 

Mrs. George Timmins l)C'canu' its fourth ])rcsident and ably 
carried on the war work that liad been hc^un in tlu' adminis- 
tration preceding her. 

It has been the amijition of the League, whenever a Wo- 
man's Building be erected for the use of the faithful workers 
of Houston in their various lines of interest and activities, to 
be able to equip and operate a model kitchen in its most com- 
prehensive sense. Toward this end a neat little nest egg had 
been gradually laid away, each administration having made a 
substantial addition to the same. This entire amount was 
invested in Liberty Bonds. 

Mrs. Timmins, finding it impossible to continue the w(jrk, 



108 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



was succeeded by Mrs. M. J. Heaney, first vice-president, who 
is filling the unexpired term. Since her assuming charge, a 
vigorous campaign has been started to regulate some existing 
prices, which apparently savor of profiteering. Success is 
meeting the efi^ort. 

Since the first year of its organization it has been the policy 
of the League to conduct in the City Auditorium an annual 
Home Economics Week and Food Exhibit. Only such articles, 
whose sanitation and purity both production and dispensing 
can be vouched for are allowed exhibition space. These schools 
have proved very popular and instructive. During the war the 
one held especially taught substitutions for wheat and meat 
on our tables and reduction in our use of fats and sugar, the 
things which the United States Food Administration was ask- 
ing the women to do to help win the war. Twice the League 
has been fortunate enough to secure the services of the well 
known Betty Lyle Wilson of Nashville, Tenn., who stands 
without a peer as a culinary artist. 

So diversified has been the work of the League, so many 
have been its able committee chairmen and workers that in 
compiling this brief sketch, it has been utterly impossible to 
enter into the personal mention of the scores who are deserv- 
ing of that mention. It would take pages, and suffice it to 
say that the good work could never have been done had not 
the faithful members worked conscientiously and untiringly 
not only for the good of the organization, but w^e trust for 
the good of all our homes and for our fair city of Houston. 

MRS. B. K. BERING 

Mrs. Bering gave Houston splen- 
did service for several years before 
the war. She is a director of Texas 
Woman's Fair and one of the most 
efficient chairmen. She is also a di- 
rector and secretary of Housewives' 
League and director and vice-presi- 
dent of Child's W^elfare League. Her 
first war work was in the Home 
Service Department of the Red 
Cross. Later she took the instruc- 
tor's course in surgical dressings and 
became one of the most dependable 
instructors of the organization, hav- 
ing charge as instructor of four 
auxiliaries, two night and two day 
classes. She was also chairman of 
Park Place Red Cross Auxiliary. She helped with all drives 







jri- 0.' 




^ 1 

* ^ 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



109 



for raising war funds. She is now president of Child's Wel- 
fare League. Mrs. Bering is a war mother, her son, Ben K. 
Bering, served fourteen months overseas in the 36th Division, 
132nd Field Artillerv. 



MRS. BEDFORD F. COOP 

Mrs. Bedford F. Coop is a native 
of Illinois, having made her home in 
Houston since 1914. Since coming 
here she has taken an active inter- 
est in the civic affairs in which the 
women have participated, having 
been an officer in the City Federa- 
tion as well as in several local clubs. 

Mrs. Coop is at present State 
Chairman of the Housewives League 
and as such has been instrumental 
in organizing a number of strong 
leagues in the State. She has also 
served as president of the Houston 
League and is at present one of its 
directors and treasurer. 

During the war jjeriod she was named by Mr. Hoover as 
one of the speakers in the work of Food Conservation and 
made many talks in behalf of the same. She was appointed to 
represent the consumers in the deliberations of the Price In- 
terpreting Committee for Houston. In Red Cross work, aftcr 
completing the instructor's course, she supervised the work 
at the Temple Auxiliary as well as heljiing in other units. She 
is an active worker in the Heights Woman's Club, being affi- 
liated with both the Literary and the .\rts and Crafts dejiart- 
ment. vShe is also a director on the Social vScrvice F>oard. 




Mrs. Ida Fromm 

Mrs. Ida Fromm was chairman of ])rol)abl}' more commit- 
tees than any other war worker. She lielped with everything; 
was chairman of a Red Cross auxiliary, took a chairmanship 
in the name of the Civic Club at each Red Cross membcrshi]) 
drive and each Liberty P.ond drive, sold Thrift Stamps, heli)ed 
with drives for relief of United War Workers, Armenians, 
Czecho-Slovaks. Jewish Relief, in fact, nothing escaped her. 
She assisted Mrs. W. W. Baines with the L. B. A. entertaining 
at Enlisted Men's Home, making the coffee and helping to 
serve it every Saturday for eight months. She assisted at all 
the home coming banquets given the l)o}s. She always served 



110 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



on the cake committees and provided during the year over 
800 cakes. She helped with the parades and the picnics. She 
is a war mother and a director of Housewives' League and 
Texas Woman's Fair, 




MRS. E. A. CALVIN 

Mrs. Calvin was president of the 
Housewives' League during the 
early part of the war period, and was 
one of the League's most efficient 
and earnest war workers. She and 
Mrs. Sidney Huston, the vice-presi- 
dent, organized the League's Red 
Cross Auxiliary, and Mrs. Calvin 
also inaugurated the kitchen demon- 
strations where all kinds of food 
substitutes were cooked. The kitchen 
was always filled with women anxi- 
ous to hear what to cook and how 
to cook it. Miss Lue Stallman, from 
the Food Administration office, came 
to lecture and assist with the dem- 
onstrations. Hundreds of cans of 

vegetables and fruit were also "put up" in this kitchen. Mrs. 
Ilfrey and Mrs. A. T. Waycott were in charge of this part of 
the work. This was one of the hardest and most efficient 
and necessary parts of the League's war work. Every one who 
had vegetables and fruit brought them to the League kitchen 
to can them. 

Mrs. Calvin was called to Washington to join her husband 
who was doing Government war work, and Mrs. Heaney was 
elected to take charge of the work. Later on Mrs. Heaney 
having so much to do, being in charge of so many activities, 
Mrs. Geo. Timmons was elected president. Mrs. Calvin did 
not cease her activities, her abilities were soon discovered in 
Washington and she was able to help in many ways, but prob- 
ably the most important position she held there is chairman 
of the Legislative Committee of the National Woman's Cham- 
ber of Commerce. 

Mrs. Calvin is also an authoress, often writes short stories 
and news articles for magazines and papers. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



111 




MRS. M. J. HEANEY. 

As a war worker, Mrs. Hea- 
ney put in over two thousand 
hours during the duration of 
the war as chairman of the 
North Side branch of the Red 
Cross Chapter ; they registered 
212 members, all North Side 
women ; they made over 800 
garments and 32,000 surgical 
dressings ; also assisted in both 
Red Cross membership cam- 
paigns and canteen work. 

Mrs. Heaney's progressive, 
public and civic work com- 
menced in 1910-1911 as i)resi- 
dent of the Lamar School 
Mothers Club. 

As president of the North 
Side Civic Club, 1912-1913. she 
was responsible for the chang- 
ing of the Fifth Ward to North 
Side, which was a big uplift for 
that part of town. As the organization was active durmg tlii^ 
time Mrs. Heanev put over one of the greatest clean-up cam- 
paigns that was ever inaugurated in Houston. Slie also served 
two vears on the Executive Board of the "City Beautiful 
League," under the Chamber of Commerce. 

Mrs. Heanev is president of the Housewives League, a char- 
ter member of this organization, and has served on the Board 
of Directors ever since the League organized. 

She was Acting Chairman of the Housewives League during 
the war period. The regular League work was dispensed with 
and war activities, under her leadership, taken up. such as 
canning demonstration, canteen, Red Cross and Cooking 
School. 

Mrs Heaney is a member of the Government Fair Price 
Committee, under Mr. E. A. Peden, State Food Fair Price 
Chairman. 

She is also a director of the Texas Women's Fair, is a char- 
ter member and has served on the board since it was organized, 
and one of the leaders of the Fair now. 

Mrs. Heaney is a member of the Board of Directors of the 
Social Service^ organization, under the City Department, and 
has served three years. 



112 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



With all her civic, progressive and public work she finds 
time to do much church work, and is at present Secretary of 
the Holy Name Altar Society, and a chairman and leader in 
her church. 

Last, but not least, Mrs. Heaney is a housewife; manages 
her own home affairs on a budget and has kept a dairy since 
her marriage in 1895, and can account for every cent since 1895 
to the present day. 

She and Mr. Heaney are blessed with one child — Harry J. 
Heaney, a civil engineer at Omaha, Neb. Mrs. Heaney says 
Harry is a chip off the old block, his "Mother of Mine" as 
he calls her. "Keep up the good work," Harry says. 



MRS. A. J. WAYCOTT 

Mrs. Waycott is a director of the 
Housewives' League and has been 
one of its most prominent and effi- 
cient workers since its organization. 
She has served as purchasing agent 
and canning demonstrator. She 
taught hundreds of women to can 
vegetables and fruit during the war. 
She also helped with the canteen, 
making many cakes for the men. 
Mrs. Waycott was vice-president of 
the Child's Welfare League for four 
years. She was also a member of 
the Texas Woman's Fair and gave 
splendid service for two years. Mrs. 
Waycott never fails to respond cheerfully when asked to help 
a worthy cause. 




MRS. W. M. BAINES 
By Katie Daffan 

It is frequently those who are engaged in many useful pur- 
suits and who have the greatest demands made upon their 
time and energies, who seem to be able to accept new respon- 
sibilities and new duties, thereby accomplishing yet greater 
service. 

It was Mrs. Baines who conceived the idea of compiling 
and publishing a history concerning "Houston's Part in the 
World War." To her foresight, and to her desire to perpetuate 
the noble work of the "War Mothers" and Red Cross are due 
this volume. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 113 



This volume possesses unique value toda}-, but as the years 
pass, its value will increase, and it will become a record and a 
reference for those who will feel a just pride in the well-sys- 
tematized work which Houston sustained in the world war. 

May Harper Baines, wife of William ^Nlollineaux Baines, and 
daughter of Rev. J. K. Harper, was born at Oak Island, near 
San Antonio, Tex., June 11, 1862. Her father, her grandfather 
and two uncles were clergymen, and her maternal grandfather, 
Thomas Devers, was one of the early settlers of Texas, for 
whom the town of Devers is named. Her mother, Nannie 
Desmuke, was the daughter of Dr. A. W. Desmuke, for manv 
years a successful physician of San Antonio. At an early 
age May Harper began Sunday School work in the Methodist 
Sunday School, she organized and established several Sundav 
Schools, and, through the busy years of her life, she has con- 
sistently kept up her interest in this important and inspiring 
department of church work. 

In 1881 she was married to ^^'illiam IMollineaux Baines, who 
was born July 23, 1846. at Preston, England, and ten children 
have blessed this marriage : Graham Clifton. William Harper, 
Raymond Gifford, Nannie Almira, Mason Allen, Laura Dell, 
Edith May, Winnie Viola, Ivy Lloyd and Alfred Gordon Lyle. 
Mr. Baines, Raymond, \\'innie and Lloyd have passed from 
their earthly to a heavenly home, while four of her children 
are married. William Harper, who married Miss Alberta Wil- 
liams, has four children. Alberta Mae, \\'esley Harper, Hor- 
ace Marvin and IMelvin Lee. Nannie Almira, who married E. 
B. Davis, has three children. Edith May, Edward Elton and 
Clyde. Mason Allen, who married Miss ]\Iamie Ethel Williams, 
has three children, Mamie Evylin, Lois Ruth and Mason Allen, 
Jr. Laura Dell married J. I. McFrancis. 

During the twenty-seven years she has resided in Houston 
Mrs. Baines has been closely affiliated with the activities of 
the Methodist churches, having for five years labored with the 
Washington Street Methodist Church, and for twenty-two 
years she has given her support and earnest work to the Mc- 
Ashan Church. During eight years she served the McAshan 
Home Mission Society as president. 

Mrs. Baines' club activities in the City of Houston began 
with the Second Ward Division of the Houston Civics Club, 
of which she was a charter member. During the 18 years of 
her membership, she has endeavored to establish a high stand- 
ard of civic conditions in her ward. At the close of the nine 
years of her presidency of this organization she was made 
Honorary President, and presented with a silver loving cup, 
as a testimonial of the appreciation in which her leadership 



114 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

was held by her associates. As a director, she continues her 
interest in this club's progress and welfare. 

As a director of the Housewives' League, of which she is 
also a charter member and one of the League's ward presi- 
dents, as a director and a charter member of the Texas Wo- 
man's Fair Association and general chairman of pageants, as 
chairman of the Texas Woman's Fair Red Cross Auxiliary, as 
vice-president of the Houston Pen Women and treasurer of 
Houston Federation of Women's Clubs, Mrs. Baines holds a 
record of genuine good accomplished. 

As an author of stories, of verse and of biography, Mrs. 
Baines gives evidence of undoubted literary ability, and, had 
her activities been directed solely to literature, she would have 
given to the world many excellent literary productions. Her 
"Heroes of Martinique" gives, in charming style, the habits, 
customs and weird, fascinating characteristics, as well as much 
of the history of famed and fated Martinique. 

Though her church, her club, and her social relations are 
many, and the demands which they place upon her unswerv- 
ingly met, Mrs. Baines has always been a devoted wife and 
mother, giving her first care and consideration to the loved 
ones in her home, from whom she receives her greatest bless- 
ing and inspiration. 

As the City of Houston reaches a higher and still higher 
development in Christian education, in civic virtue, and in 
substantial progress, the noble women who have labored for 
all of these will be gratefully remembered. Mrs. Baines takes 
her place with those women who have contributed most to 
the well-being, and the going forward of this city, sparing 
not herself, but giving freely of her rich gifts of mind and 
heart, to the general weal and happiness. Those fortunate 
enough to come within her circle feel the warmth and the 
strength of her broad sympathy, her cheerfulness and her 
kindness. 

See Red Cross Section for Mrs. Baines' war activities. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 
CIVIC CLUB 



115 




Mrs. James A. Thompson Mrs. W. M. Baines Mrs. Ida Fromm 

Past President Past President President 

Now Honary President 




Mrs. E. N. Mills Mrs. J. G. Decker 

Past Treasurer Past Treasurer 

Mrs. H. Heinze 

Vice President and Past Treasurer 

Mrs. A. R. Myers Mrs. E. G. Burke 

Treasurer Secretary 



116 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

CIVIC CLUB 

Second Ward Division Civic Club was organized in 1901 by 
Mrs. T. R. Franklin. Mrs. Nelson Jones was elected president, 
Mrs. James A. Thompson secretary and Mrs. E. N. Mills, 
treasurer. There were 26 charter members. The patriotism 
of this organization always has been unbounded. Its zeal for 
the welfare of Houston has never diminished. It has given 
18 years of organized service to the city. The first playground 
in Houston was established by them in Lubbock Grove. Many 
trees were planted by the organization and several hundred 
dollars in shrubbery and flower seeds have been given away 
by them. They have never failed to respond at any time when 
called to assist with patriotic work of any nature. Their chief 
aim was to establish a park in the east end of town where the 
children could get needed recreation. 

Mrs. Jones served two years, when her health failed and she 
was compelled to leave the city. She was a wonderful woman 
and the club sustained a great loss. Mrs. Wm. Glass was then 
elected to the chair. She also served two years. Mrs. Glass 
was also highly efficient and of great worth to the city. She, 
like Mrs. Jones, was much loved by her co-workers. She died 
in the service. Mrs. Jones has also passed away to her eternal 
rest. Mrs. March Culmore was then elected president and 

i Mrs. S. J. Westheimer treasurer. These ladies served two 

^ years each; both gave splendid service. In 1906 Mrs. A. J. 

i Thompson was elected president and Mrs. Will Reinhardt was 
elected to take Mrs. Thompson's place as secretary, which 
position she had held from the beginning. Mrs. A. G. Decker 
was then elected treasurer. Mrs. Thompson served two years 
and Mrs. Decker and Mrs. Reinhardt six years as treasurer 
and secretary. 

When Mrs. Thompson resigned on account of her husband's 
health, Mrs. W. M. Baines was elected president. Mrs. Baines 
served successively nine years. During her regime Settegast 

iPark was established. Mr. Settegast had long promised Mrs. 
Baines (she being for many years chairman of the park com-- 
mittee) that he would assist them. In 1908 Mr. Settegast do- 

Inated one block of land with the understanding that the city 
should buy two more blocks. This was done, and Settegast 
Park became one of the most popular parks in the city. It 
has been well patronized from the first. The ladies built a 
beautiful bandstand and all the musicians have said many 

■ times that it is the best bandstand ever erected in Houston. 

In 1909 Mrs. Baines organized a Young Ladies' Auxiliary. 
Miss Helen Burkett served two years in this capacity. The 
two orgfanizations were then merged into one and Miss Bur- 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



117 



kett, who had married and is now Mrs. Burke, was elected sec- 
retary. She still retains this office. 

^Irs. Ida Fromm was elected vice-president in 1912. Mrs. 
F. J. Ebdon second vice-president, and Mrs. Henry Heinze was 
elected treasurer to fill Mrs. Decker's place, serving four years. 

In 1915 Mrs. A. R. IMyers was elected treasurer and re- 
tains her oft'ice until the present time. Too much could not 
be said about these ladies. They have given of their time 
unsparingly. Houston owes them both a monument. \Mien 
Mrs. Baines resigned as president of the club she was made 
very happy by being made honorary president of the clul:) and 
presented with a silver loving cup. 

In 1916 Mrs. Ida Fromm was elected president and Mrs. 
Henry Heinze vice-president. They still are in oft'ice. It 
would be impossible to say enough in praise of these women. 
Words are inadecjuate to toll of their many sacrifices for the 
good of the communitx-. 



NORTH SIDE CIVIC CLUB 

In the year 1900 Mrs. Thunias R. 

Franklyn, who was president of the 

Houston Civic Club, organized a 

branch in five of the city wards. 

Each branch had its special officers 

and were expected to look after all 

civic propositions in their limita- 
tions. Each of these organizations 

did splendid work for several years 

but all gradually ceased activities 

until only two were left, the Fifth 

Ward and the Second Ward Clubs. 

Mrs. M. J. Heaney was the original 

president of the Fifth Ward Club 
and some excellent work was accom- 
plished during her administration. Mrs. e. A. Cole. President 

Under her leadershij) the entire city was aroused to the need 
of a clean-up campaign. The Fifth' Ward was cleaned from 
one end to the other and many miles of sidewalks were laid 
through her agitation. The other wards got busy and tried to 
imitate. Mrs. Heaney's clean-up campaign was talked of every- 
where and will always be remembered. There is nothing more 
patriotic than cleanliness and through cleanliness, healthful- 
ness. During the years Mrs. Heaney was president the Fifth 
Ward was changed to North Side, this was considered a social 
uplift for that part of the city. So the club is now called the 
North Side Civic Club. The old Fifth Ward Civic Club had 




118 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



purchased four lots for a small park, but when the new North 
Side Junior High School was built they needed additional 
grounds for a beautiful campus, so the Civic Club donated its 
land with the understanding that the city buy more. This was 
accomplished and consequently beautiful grounds surround the 
school, answering the purposes of a park or playground. The 
Civic Club also purchased $200.00 worth of books for the North 
Side High School. 

The club's activities during the war were under the able 
chairmanship of Mrs. W. E. Gilliland, assisted by other mem- 
bers of the club. For a short time the club was inactive but 
the present officers, Mrs. E. A. Cole, president, and Mrs. C. 
Culpepper, secretary-treasurer, have planned to take up active 
progressive civic work as before. The club has an auxiliary 
which is known as the North Side Social Club, its object being 
social uplift. Mrs. Heaney is president of this club with Mrs. 
O. E. Staley secretary, and Mrs. E. Gerraice treasurer. 

MISS LUE STALLMAN 

Miss Stallman was sent to Houston by the United States 
Department of Agriculture and in addition received an ap- 
pointment to the Food Administration. As a result of her 
work the greatest number of actual cans of food values put 
up in any city in the United States were on the shelves in 
Houston homes and had been canned by the housewives of 
Houston. Back yard gardens furnished the food to be canned, 
gardens which had formerly been mainly for the chickens and 
of little or no value to the housewife. Between 15,000 and 
20,000 cans was the total amount for the period of conserva- 
tion and this was the highest reported to the department even 
by the cities having community canneries. 

Eight kitchens were in operation in various parts of the city 
where the women went with their beans and various garden 
products and received help in canning them for future use. 
Miss Stallman gave a course to the women of each community 
who were interested in the work and to these women were 
given United States Department of Agriculture war service 
certificates authorizing them to give instructions in their own 
communities. These women took turns in instructing at the 
kitchens which were open every day. 

Miss Stallman was always careful, when teaching the use of 
war substitutes, to impress on the ladies that they should be 
careful at all times to think seriously on the subject of food 
values and only foods that were wholesome and nutritious 
were ever considered for a moment in her menus. Her serv- 
ices were much appreciated by the Housewives' League. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 119 



COLONIAL DAMES 

The National Society of Colonial Dames of America is com- 
posed entirely of women who claim direct descent from some 
ancestor who lived in any one of the Thirteen American Col- 
onies prior to 1750, who rendered service to his country during 
the Colonial period, as an officer in the g-overnment, in the 
army or the church, or who by any distinguished service 
enabled the colonies to declare their independence in 1776. 

The Preamble to the National Constitution of the society 
reads as follows : 

"Whereas, History shows that the remembrance of a na- 
tion's glory in the past stimulates to national greatness in the 
future, and that successive generations are awakened to a 
truer patriotism, and aroused to noble endeavor by the con- 
templation of the heroic deeds of their forefathers ; therefore, 
the Society of Colonial Dames of America has been formed 
that the descendants of those men, who in the colonial period, 
by their rectitude, courage and self-denial, prepared the way 
for success in that struggle, which gained for the country its 
liberty and constitution, may associate themselves together 
to do honor to the virtues of their forefathers and to encourage 
in all who come under their influence true patriotism, built on 
a knowledge of the self-sacrifice and heroism of those men of 
the colonies, who laid the foundation of this great nation." 

There are in the City of Houston seventeen women who 
claim the distinction of membership in the society. Prior to 
our country's entrance into the great world war their interests 
were chiefly directed toward the things which related to the 
history of the colonial period; to collecting and preserving 
old manuscripts, traditions of the past ; to restoring old build- 
ings of early colonial days ; to creating an interest in history, 
and to endeavoring to impress upon the youth of the land a 
spirit of patriotism and love of country. 

When America took up the cause of the Allies and we real- 
ized that we were facing the most gigantic struggle in the 
world's history, the Colonial Dames were the first women of 
the land to arise to the situation. They actively entered into 
every phase of war work which was required to win the war. 

The annual State Convention met in San Antonio in May, 
1917. Those present decided that the Texas Society should 
fully co-operate in every way in war work with that which 
the National Society assumed. 

Upon the request of the Surgeon General of the Navy, the 
equipment of operating rooms on the naval hospital ships, 
the "Mercy" and the "Comfort," was undertaken. To this 



120 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

fund of $50,000.00 the Colonial Dames of Houston sent its first 
donation. It is with a degree of pride that they realize a share 
in this magnificent work. Collier's Weekly and the Scientific 
American have both described these two ships, with their oper- 
ating rooms, bearing handsome plates with the inscription : 
"This Room Was Equipped by the National Society of Colonial 
Dames of America." 

The work which perhaps was taken up with the greatest 
interest and zeal was knitting for the boys of the navy. This 
was also done under the direction of the Navy League. The 
Battleship Texas was selected as the favored protege, and 
during the year and a half of real war more than six hundred 
knitted articles were sent to these sailor boys, each article 
marked "From the Colonial Dames of Houston, Texas." In 
addition to these several complete sets, consisting of sweater, 
helmet, scarf and mittens, were sent as individual gifts to 
Houston boys on the "Texas" and other ships. 

As late as March of the present year the society responded 
to calls from the Navy League, sending more than two hun- 
dred articles. After the signing of the armistice, many war 
workers considered their labors finished, but those of us who 
realized that the sailors' duties went on until the last Amer- 
ican soldier was home from over the sea, continued to ply the 
knitting needle. 

This splendid record made by the Houston Dames is due to 
the untiring efforts of Mrs. Jeff N. Miller, who served as chair- 
man of the work. Her energy and enthusiasm never wavered, 
and those who would grow negligent were aroused to a full 
sense of their duty by her assistance and encouragement. Mrs. 
Miller bears the distinction of being one of the vice-presidents 
of the State, and was at the beginning of the war work presi- 
dent of the Houston Society. 

All funds required for purchasing wool were raised by the 
individual efforts of the members, and during the entire war 
period the society responded to many patriotic calls requiring 
much time, energy and money. 

In the winter of 1917, when the urgent need for woolen gar- 
ments at Camp Bowie was made known, the society donated 
a number of sweaters and seventy-five ($75.00) dollars in cash 
to the fund raised in Houston with which to purchase these 
necessary supplies. It is worthy of mention that it was a 
Colonial Dame, Mrs. John W. Parker, who issued the call 
for a meeting of citizens that Sunday afternoon at the home 
of Miss Harriet Levy to discuss ways and means of relieving 
the distressing situation, which was causing not only suffering 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 121 

but serious illness and many deaths at the camp. This call 
resulted in an unprecedented outpouring of money from every 
part of the city. By Monday night more than $3000.00 had 
been spent for sweaters. The Houston merchants supplied 
them at cost. The garments were packed by a committee of 
ladies and left on that night's train for Fort Worth, in charge 
of a man who happened to be the husband of a Colonial Dame, 
and with such dispatch did he work that by Tuesday afternoon 
every Houston soldier at Camp Bowie, ^^■ho was in need of a 
sweater, had been supplied. 

During the progress of war work, the society furnished 
committees for the sale of Liberty Bonds. In the month of 
December, 1918, a committee selling War Savings Stamps at 
the street banks reported $1075.00 from the sales. A com- 
mittee served in the United \\'ar Work Drive, with $1440.00 
collected. To this the society gave $25.00. They served in 
the Red Cross Membership Drive, the society entering as a 
100 per cent club. 

Ten dollars was contributed to the Armenian Relief fund ; 
$10.00 to Jewish Relief and $10.00 to an educational fund of 
the D. A. R., and $10.00 to the recent Salvation Army drive. 

A little French orphan is supported In' the society. A gen- 
erous gift goes to her at each birthday and Christmas, and 
several interesting letters have been received from the little 
girl expressing her appreciation, and telling something of her 
life. 

The next work of the National Society of Colonial Dames 
will be the building of the PMymouth Rock Memorial in 1920, 
commemorating the Three Ilundredth Anniversary of Ply- 
mouth Colony. A prominent part has been allotted to the 
Dames in the celebration at Plymouth. There are many mem- 
bers in our State whose ancestors' names appear among the 
list of Pilgrims arriving on the Mayflower. 

Five sons of Houston Colonial Dames entered the service 
of their country upon the declaration of war against (jcrmany. 
Coming as they do from a proud lineage which dates from 
Plymouth Rock to Faneuil Hall, and imbued with the same 
spirit which caused their ancestors to rebel against the ty- 
ranny of a German prince upon the throne of England, these 
young boys offered their lives for the preservation of their 
country's freedom and her honor. 

Dr. Fred Lummis, Robert W. Knox, Jr., and Russell I". 
Wolters wear the two gold service stripes of the A. R. F. 
PToward F. vSmith and Wharton Weems wear with e(|ual honor 
the silver. 



122 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

These things which have been mentioned were done as 
strictly Colonial Dames work, but as individual workers each 
and every member took prominent places, actively engaging 
in every form of work at Red Cross headquarters, sewing, 
knitting, surgical dressings and in every department. They 
served as canteen workers and at hostess' houses ; contributed 
to various forms of work and entertainment at Camp Logan 
and Ellington Field, and in fact, the Colonial Dame spirit was 
everywhere, helping to win the war. 

The National President had this to say in her annual report 
at Washington, May 21, 1919: 

"I am proud of the National Society, Colonial Dames of 
America ; proud of every State society which composes the 
federation, and proud of every individual member who has 
shown her courage and her patriotism during our year and a 
half of war. Perhaps the most valuable contribution that you 
as a society made to the war work of women was the spirit 
of co-operation which characterized you ; the willingness to 
work with others and through other channels. The absence 
of self-assertion in the service you rendered." 

Members of the Colonial Dames Society of Houston : Mes- 
dames Jeff N. Miller, John W. Parker, B. F. Weems, John A. 
McClellan, T. Arthur Cargill, Sam L. Green, Wells Thompson, 
T. T. Player, P. R. Cruse, Howard F. Smith, Chas. K. Dunlap, 
H. H. Lummis, Robt. W. Knox, W. S. Hunt, J. C. Hutcheson, 
W. C. Crane, Jacob F. Wolters, Mrs. John W. Parker, presi- 
dent; Mrs. Jacob F. Wolters, secretary-treasurer. 

DAUGHTERS OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION 

The John McKnitt Alexander Chapter, Daughters of the 
American Revolution, laid aside its regular course of study 
during the war and its fifty-five members became actively en- 
gaged in war work. 

Mrs. John T. Garrison, the loved and efficient regent, as- 
sisted by Mrs. Jacob Wolters, vice-regent; Mrs. Jesse An- 
drews, second vice-regent; Mrs. Gus Street, secretary; Mrs. 
Herbert May, recording secretary; Mrs. Inez Carter, treas- 
urer; Mrs. J. W. Parker, Mrs. R. W. Knox, and many other 
ladies of the chapter, worked diligently, giving practically their 
entire time to the work of getting our soldiers comfortably 
cared for and making money to meet the many demands 
necessary to carry on the work successfully. 

In spite of adverse weather conditions and the great amount 
of sickness last winter, Mrs. J. T. Garrison, assisted by a 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 123 



committee of ladies, conducted a rmnmage sale that in itself 
netted almost enough to cover the heavy indebtedness the 
chapter incurred in buying yarn for knitting, Christmas boxes 
for the soldiers, furniture for the recreational canteen, War 
Savings Stamps, Liberty Bonds and numerous other patriotic 
endeavors. Although Mrs. Garrison had no son to give her 
home was always open to all the soldier boys, and her hands 
never idle. 

Mrs. Jacob Wolters and Mrs. R. W. Knox were successful 
in getting the yarn and having sweaters, helmets and socks 
knitted for the soldiers and sailors. 

Through the efforts of Mrs. J. W. Parker twenty French 
orphans were adopted by friends outside the chapter and seven 
taken through the chapter. Mrs. Parker is one of the charter 
members of John ]\IcKnitt Alexander Chapter and one of its 
most faithful and beloved members. 

During the last several months ladies of the chapter visited 
the convalescent ward in the base hospital at Camp Logan on 
specially appointed afternoons and entertained the soldiers 
with musical programs and recitations. 

Mrs. Jesse Andrews was instrumental in securing a Rice 
Institute scholarship fund the past two years, and is working 
this year to get $5000.00 to insure a permanent scholarship 
for Rice Institute. 

A committee of ladies from the chapter completely fur- 
nished a room at the Lutheran Brotherhood home for soldiers 
passing through the city, buying furniture throughout, and 
twenty-five beds. The chapter worked as a unit in the Red 
Cross and in every way and it feels that it did more good than 
in all its previous endeavors. 

THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE 

The Settlement Association, which for al)OUt ten years was 
a powerful force for good in our midst, and whose work, now 
taken over by the city, continues in enlarged degree in many 
of the activities maintained by the Social Service Bureau, had 
a most modest beginning. A sewing class made up of little 
girls selected from the pupils of Rusk School, was the first 
step. To Miss Sibyl Campbell, for many years a teacher in the 
Rusk School, and to whom the needs of the neighborhood of- 
fered a glorious opportunity for service, belongs the honor of 
starting the movement. It was she who got the class together, 
secured several volunteer teachers, and enlisted the interest of 
a few generous friends who contributed funds to buy materials 
for the diminutive seamstresses. 



124 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

Small though the beginning, Miss Campbell's vision was 
broad and far-reaching in scope, and it was not long until she 
laid the needs and possibilities of the neighborhood before 
some of her friends on whose sympathy and help she knew she 
could rely. Among the first women to whom she appealed 
was Mrs. Jas. A. Baker, and from that time on Mrs.' Baker 
was the inspiration and guiding spirit of the work that was 
to grow and spread in so many directions. 

On February 19, 1907, an organization was effected at Mrs. 
Baker's home and the following ofificers and directors elected: 
President, Mrs. Jas. A. Baker; Vice-President, Mrs. J. L. 
Thompson ; Treasurer, Mrs. Frank Andrews ; Corresponding 
Secretary, Mrs. J. Allen Kyle ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. D. 

C. Glenn; Directors, Mesdames W. H. Leavell, W. B. Sharp, 
L. B. Menefee, Joseph Goldman, O. T. Holt and Miss Sibyl 
Campbell. 

The Association was first known as the Houston Kinder- 
garten and Industrial Association. This was in deference to 
the Woman's Club which had maintained a free kindergarten 
in the neighborhood for some years, and which it most gener- 
ously turned over to the new organization, as soon as it be- 
came active. Their gift not only included the work and equip- 
ment of the free kindergarten, but the building itself, which 
for some time housed all activities undertaken. This kinder- 
garten was the nucleus around which the neighborhood work 
grew. As new phases of work were started, and the settle- 
ment idea began to develop, the name was changed to the 
Houston Settlement Association, and the home set up as a 
community center and maintained to this day, is simply known 
as the Settlement House. 

Besides the sewing classes and the free kindergarten, among 
the activities that have been inaugurated and fostered are 
cooking classes, social and athletic clubs among both boys and 
girls, a story hour, circulating library, supervised playground, 
a day nursery, baby camp, visit nursing and free clinics. It is 
an all-round social center, co-operating with the neighbors, the 
schools, the physicians of our city, the hospitals, the health 
department, the juvenile court and every other agency and 
movement that looks to the betterment of the community. 

During the many years of its existence Mrs. Baker was the 
only president the Settlement Association ever had, and Mrs. 

D. C. Glenn was recording secretary throughout its life. Mes- 
dames J. L. Thompson, H. R. Aiken, John McClellan, Frank 
Andrews, A. W. Standing, Howard Smith and W. S. Parish 
have been vice-presidents, Mrs. Thompson practically ever 
since the organization. Mrs. Thompson at one time served as 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 125 

treasurer, as have Mrs. J. E. Crews, Mrs. Frank x\ndrews and 
Mrs. R. T. Morris. Mesdames Kyle, J. B. Mayberry and P. B. 
Timpson have successfully served as corresponding secretary. 

In addition to the original board of directors, and the offi- 
cers already named, these ladies have served as directors : 
Mesdames J. W. Hicks, Thornwell Fay, J. A. Radford, E. O. 
Lovett, Max Taub, Jos. Mullen, J. G. Gerson, J. O. Ross, S. F. 
Carter, Turner \\'illiamson, Walter \\^alne, J. W. Hertford, 
James Cravens, J. W. Lockett, John T. Scott, J. J. Carroll, T. 
A. Cargill, David Rice. 

As time has gone on, and Houston developed, one by one 
the several phases of the work that have been tried out and 
firmly established, have been turned over to the city, until in 
1916, when the Houston Foundation took definite shape, the 
Houston Settlement Association was one of the organizations 
to merge itself in the Social Service Bureau, which is one of 
the strong working arms of the Foundation. 

Of the old Settlement board members, the following ladies 
are directors of the Social Service Bureau : Mesdames Baker, 
Cargill, Carroll, Farish, Goldman, Lockett, Lovett. Morris, 
Rice, Smith, Thompson, Timpson, W'alne. 

THE GEO. B. McCLELLAN WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS 
No. 16, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic 

Was organized at Houston, Texas. July 6, 1895, by Mes- 
dames Jennie I. Rue and Maggie A. Rust and is the oldest 
woman's patriotic order in the city. 

We were the first organization to offer flags for public 
schools, community and municipal buildings. But until the 
founding of the first Newsboys' Association at the Shearn 
Methodist Sunday School rooms (corner Texas and Milam 
Streets) these offers were not accepted. At that time we had 
the honor to present the American Newsboys' Association 
their first flag, thus exemplifying the aims of our order to pro- 
mulgate love of the flag and })atriotism in the community in 
which we live. During the Spanish-American war we as- 
sisted in various patriotic demonstrations. 

In the days that followed the terrible hurricane which struck 
Galveston on September 8, 1900, the Women's Relief Corps, 
under the efficient leadership of Mrs. Annette Van Horn, es- 
tablished headquarters for the distribution of funds, supplies 
and clothing contributed by the various branches of this order 
over the United States. After the storm of 1909 at Texas City 
we contributed liberally to the relief of the needy ones. We 



126 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS 




Mrs. Sophie Hooper 
War President 



Mrs. Annette Van Horn Mrs. Lucy Nicholson 
Charter Member Life Member 




Mrs. Francillia King 
Civil War Nurse 



Mrs. Jennie I. Rue 
W. R. C. Organizer 



Mrs. Maggie Rust 
W. R. C. Organizer 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 127 

gave of our time and funds to alleviate the sufferings of the 
1915 storm victims. 

April 6, 1917. the day that the United States declared war on 
Germany, we oft'ered our services to the Government, going on 
record as the first woman's organization in the city to do so. 

During the entire period of the war we met unflinchingly 
every condition required by the Government. 

One beloved son. ^^'illiam Trumbo, made the supreme sacri- 
fice, thus adding a gold star mother (Isabell Trumbo McLa- 
ren) to our membership. The military funeral of this young 
patriot being the first held in this city as a result of this war. 

The following sons were offered on the altar of patriotism : 
William H. H. Trumbo, Roy E. Warren, Wm. Jay Treat, Frank 
J. Hopper, Whitelaw Diltz,' Donnell Diltz. Tohn A. Clark, [ohn 
R. Toole, W. W. Toole, Henry Otto. Alfred Otto, besides nu- 
merous other relatives of the members. 

\\^hen the ill-fated Tuscania was torpedoed off the shores 
of Scotland and many bodies of our beloved dead washed 
ashore at Isley Isle, the noble women of this little island sat 
up all night making an American flag with which to cover the 
remains of our heroes at the sunrise burial. On reading of 
this beautiful courtesy, we the women of the Relief Corps, de- 
cided to send them a beautiful hand-made silken flag and a let- 
ter expressing our grateful appreciation. 

We were active in the maintenance of the canteen for en- 
listed men. We served in regular order from the second night 
of its opening until the close of the war made its continu- 
ance unnecessary, dcsj)itc the shortage of sugar and flour. 

A Red Cross unit was formed, many garments made and 
much material donated. The members gave their time freely to 
Headquarters, toward the raising of funds for Red Cross work, 
Lil)erty Bonds. War Savings Stamps and the purchasing of 
Red Cross memberships for overseas soldiers and other war- 
time activities we contributed our full share. 

Through the medium of the "Stars and Stripes," tlie official 
organ of the A. E. F., we adopted a Frencn war orphan, send- 
ing the sum of $86.72 yearly towards the care and education 
of this unfortunate little one. Aside from this our members 
sent individual gifts. The future care and education of our 
little ward is to be the privilege of the Woman's Relief Corps. 

When the World War Veterans formed the association 
known as the "American Legion" we offered them our assist- 
ance and support and provided a large flag for the local lodge 
to be presented at an early date. 



128 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

The sacred privilege of this order is to honor and uphold the 
flag and defend the principles for which it stands. 

"The Union of lakes and the Union of lands, 

The Union of States none can sever, 
The Union of hearts and the Union of hands. 

And the Flag of our Union forever." 

We have participated in all public patriotic demonstrations 
when requested or permitted. Held various entertainments 
for the veterans and their families, assisted in every civic duty 
assigned us, contributed toward the establishment of a munic- 
ipal hospital, Salvation Army, Rescue Home and other phil- 
anthropic enterprises. 

We are banded together for the special purpose of caring 
for the Union Veterans and their dependant ones, finding 
homes and employment for their widows and orphans and aid- 
ing and comforting them in sickness and death and instilling 
patriotism into the hearts of the rising generation. Ever striv- 
ing toward the fulfillment of our own beautiful motto : Fra- 
ternity, Charity and Loyalty. And although most of those 
who chartered our little craft in the beginning have crossed 
the narrow sea to the shores of sweet deliverance, a few of 
the old guard are left and these with the hallowing influence 
of our beloved lifetime chaplain, Mrs. Lucy Nicholson, who 
is almost 87 years young, and our two Civil War nurses, Mrs. 
Francilla King" and Mrs. Kate Rebuck. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 129 



COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN IN HOUSTON WAR 

WORK 

The Council of Jewish \\'omen is a national organization 
founded in 1893 to band together Jewish women to further the 
highest interest of humanity along lines religious, philan- 
thropic and educational. The Houston section was not formed 
until February, 1913, and so had only completed its fourth year 
when we entered the war. 

Our first patriotic step was to form a Red Cross Auxiliary 
of which Mrs. Jos. Goldman was chairman during the twenty- 
two months of its activity, and ^Irs. Sol Oberdorfer instructor 
in surgical dressings. Different groups worked five days in 
the week under their leaders, meeting first in the Concordia 
Club and later in the Federal Building, paying for all material 
used. A record of our accomplishments will be given in the 
Red Cross report, and it will always be a gratifying remem- 
brance to have ranked at the head of the many local auxiliaries 
in the amount of work completed. 

Our hospital visiting committees were the first to be regu- 
larl\- organized among the local groups, with Mrs. 1. G. Gerson 
as chairman the first six months. At this time we were work- 
ing under the auspices of the B'nai IVrith lodge, which later 
merged its activities with the Jewish Welfare P>oard. And 
though practically the same Council women were doing the 
soldier welfare work, it was now under the direction of the 
Jewish Welfare Board, of which Mrs. Louis Sinsheimcr was 
local vice-chairman and untiring in her efforts at all times. 

The Council's every fourth Sunday at the Recreational Can- 
teen was i)erhaps the most poj^ular work it did. Mrs. Sam 
Kaiser held the chairmanship during the fourteen months it 
was o])erated, and her call for "home-made \)\es and cakes," 
as well as "ourselves" to serve them, was always cheerfully 
met. 

The Coiuicil was represented in the "Pageant" given for the 
entertainment of the soldiers in the fall of 1917, and in every 
public undertaking afterwards during the period of the war. 
Mrs. Henry J. Dannenbaum was the Council's "Food Conser- 
vation" chairman ; Mrs. L. A. Freed, "War Savings Stamps" 
chairman ; Mrs. Oscar Lii)i:)er as Fourth Liberty Loan chair- 
man secured for us the $50.00 l:)ond offered as a prize to the 
woman's organization selling the most. 

To further patriotic education Major Chiperfield. judge ad- 
vocate in the 33rd Division, addressed our body in December, 
1917; Major Blech and Colonel Harvey in April and November 
following. 



130 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



Because of conditions brought about by the war, our Council 
contributed $200.00 in 1918 and $200.00 in 1919 to the Jewish 
war sufferers in Eastern Europe and Palestine. 

And through a mass meeting of Jewish women called by 
Miss Harriet Levy in June, 1917, $2000.00 was subscribed for 
the same purpose. 

No experience is in vain that enlarges insight and sympathy. 
In our united war work, we have come to know each other 
better, and henceforth can count on each other in work for 
the common good. 

The officers of the Council during the period of the war 
were : Mrs. I. G. Gerson, president ; Miss Harriet Levy, first 
vice-president; Mrs. Henry Cook, second vice-president; Mrs. 
Rachel Levy, third vice-president; Mrs. M. L. Goldman, cor- 
responding secretary; Mrs. Miriam Browning, recording sec- 
retary; Mrs. Phil Sulzbacher, treasurer; Mrs. E. Blum, auditor, 
and these with the rest of the executive board, directed the 
various activities herein mentioned. But the fine spirit of 
co-operation shown by the majority of the members made 
possible any useful and worthy work which can be credited to 
the Council of Jewish Women. 

"The path of a good woman is strewn with flowers, but they 
rise behind her footseps — not before them." 

HOUSTON PEN WOMEN CLUB 

The Houston Pen Women Club is now in the fourteenth 
year of organization, with a present membership list of not less 
than twenty-five active women writers of this city. 

The object of organization is, first, to be of mutual assist- 
ance to each other, as writers and also for recreation. 

The meetings are held monthly only, in the homes of the 
members. Applications for membership are submitted to a 
committee formed for this purpose. 

Officers Pen Women Club : President, Mrs. M. C. Dana ; 
Mrs. Hal M. Peck, first vice-president; Mrs. May Harper, 
Baines, second vice-president; Mrs. Florence N. Dancy,. corre- 
sponding secretary ; Mrs. Agnes Paschal McNier, recording 
secretary; Mrs. Adele B. Looscan, treasurer; Mrs. M. E. 
Bryan, parliamentarian ; Mrs. William Christian, literary exec- 
utor. All Houston Pen Women did their part nobly during the 
World War. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



131 



MRS. ROBERT R. DANCY 
War Mother and Pen Woman 

Florence Nightingale Dancy (Mrs. 
Robert R. Dancy), Houston, Texas. 
Born in Georgetown, Prince Edward 
Island; daughter Rev. Robert T. 
Roche, D. D.. and Sara Barden (Pal- 
mer) Roche. Educated Bedlock 
School, Philadelphia, Pa. ; St. Amis 
Academy, Maryland. Married 1880 
to Robert R. Dancy at Savannah, Ga. 
Mrs. Dancy is the mother of First 
Lieutenant Robert R. Dancy. Jr., a 
graduate of the Third Officers' 
Training School. Leon Springs. \\'as 
staff' off'icer as battalion ba3'onet in- 
structor, Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga., 
and at the time of the signing of the 
armistice was serving tem])orarily as recruiting off'icer in Tam- 
l)a, Florida, sent there by Major General Sharp, commanding 
the Southeastern Division, to pass on candidates for admission 
into the officers' training school at Camp Fremont. Cal. Mrs. 
Dancy 's other children are Herbert H. Dancy and Marie Milli- 
cent Dancy. Mrs. Dancy is past president of Houston i'en 
Women and for many years corresponding sccrctarv of Hous- 
ton Civic Club. 




MRS. AGNES PASCHAL McNEIR 

One of tlu- most interesting members of the Houston Pen 
Women is Mrs. .Agnes Paschal McNeil, a woman of rare intel- 
lectual attainments. Born of parents widely divergent, both 
in heredity and race, her father an illustrious French gentle- 
man and her mother a full-blooded Indian of high education. 
Salem College. N. C. l)eing known to the writer as one she at- 
tended and graduated from. 

Mrs. Agnes Paschal xMcXeil is a rac(.ntcur of unuMi.il ability 
and recalls in effective language the tumultuous times in which 
she lived. She is a present officer in both the Pen Women's 
Club and the Ladies' Reading Club of this city. Though blind 
for many years hers is a life that brightens "the i)atlnvay for 
others and uses the light denied herself to contribute in greater 
measure to the pleasure of others. 

— Florence M. Dancy. 



132 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



MRS. M. E. BRYAN 




Came to Houston 35 years ago and has been a constant 
blessing to the city, her special friend and the stranger within 
her gates. She has ever been ready to respond when called to 
service. She is a member of Christ Church (Episcopal) and 
served as secretary of the Ladies' Parish Association of that 
church fifteen years, and is still an active member. She is an 
honorary member of the "Woman's Club," the "Current Lit- 
erary Club" and "Ladies' Reading Club," and is an active mem- 
ber of the "Houston Pen Women," has served as president and 
is now parliamentarian. She was president for two years of 
the City Federation of Women's Clubs. She has been an ac- 
tive member of the Young Women's Christian Association for 
many years and served as corresponding secretary for several 
vears. She is a member of Travelers Aid Committee of Y. W. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 133 

C. A. She is the beloved president of the R. E. Lee Chapter 
L'nited Daughters of Confederacy and has served in that ca- 
pacity ten years. When the war broke out in Europe Mrs. 
Bryan was one of the first to offer her services at the Red 
Cross. She was called by the first members of the Houston 
Chapter the mother of Red Cross. She was assistant secre- 
tary and in charge of the work at headquarters until the work 
became too heavy for her, she being in poor health, but it was 
impossible for ]\Irs. M. E. Bryan to pay attention to self or 
the needs of her own body when her country called her, so as 
soon as America entered the war she again became active with 
the Red Cross and was elected executive chairman of the L^. 

D. C. Red Cross Auxiliary, and was also appointed chairman 
of the Texas Division U. D. C. War Relief Work. This organ- 
ization raised funds to establish beds in the American Hospi- 
tal, Neuilly, France. ]\Irs. Bryan also assisted largely in the 
sale of Liberty Bonds and \\'ar Savings Stamps. 

MRS. CHARLES R. SHAPARD 

Formerly Mrs. Mary Leigon Christensen, became known as 
a peace advocate when she proposed the League of Nations in 
1913. The proposition was endorsed by Governor Colquitt, 
Governor Hobby, governors of New Mexico and Alabama, 
Senator Morris Shcppard, the Texas Federation of Women's 
Clubs, the Texas Press Association and other organizations. 
Her plan for a League of Nations was sent to the National 
Administration and Senator Sheppard sent lur name to the 
Norwegian parliament, the body which has the awarding of 
the Nobel Peace Prize, recommending that she be placed 
among the contestants. This prize amounts to $v30,000 in 
money and a $10,000 diamond. Former President Roosevelt 
and Elihu Root are the only two .\mericans wlio liave ever 
been awarded this i:)rize. 

The resolution as endorsed by the 'I'cxas Federation of 
\\'omen's Clubs and Press Association follows : 

"Whereas, God in His all wise infinite wisdom and mercy 
has seen fit to use our present national administration as His 
handiwork in negotiating treaties of peace among nations of 
the world thereby making sudden warfare practically prevent- 
able between the nations that have signed these treaties. 

"And whereas, sudden warfare is no longer to be dreaded, 
therefore there appears to be no longer a need of maintaining 
a large standing army and navy that is such an enormous ex- 
l)ense to maintain. It costs the United States 43 per cent of 
all our national revenue to keep jirepared for war in time of 
peace and in addition 29 ])er cent in time of peace to pay pen- 



134 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

sions for past wars. Seventy-two per cent per annum all told 
is the cost of keeping prepared for wars and in the past for 
pensions. 

"And whereas, if this ever increasing expense for maintain- 
ing standing armies and navies is stopped there will be more 
money for educational purposes and to aid in the economical 
problems that confront us ; in lessening the burden of taxation ; 
in the advantageous marketing of our products and in mak- 
ing farm life more attractive. 

"And whereas, the present burdensome cost of armaments is 
out of harmony with the spirit of the age — relics of dark and 
barbarous days which we hope will never come to us again. 

"Therefore, be it resolved, 

"First : That we earnestly petition our national government 
to enter into treaties with all the nations of the earth who 
will reciprocate with us, and who will jointly agree one with 
another and us not to increase the strength of their present 
armies and navies nor to spend more money on their upkeep 
than is necessary to maintain their present efficiency pending 
an understanding for the agreement for eventual disarma- 
ment of all individual nations party to this covenant, allowing 
these nations to have a home guard or national guard suffi- 
cient to protect their peoples within their borders and an in- 
ternational army and navy for the mutual protection of all 
nations entering this treaty just as each State in the United 
States has its home guard and just as the United States has 
its regular soldiers. 

"Second : The expense of this international guard to be pro 
rated among the nations entering this treaty. 

"Third : The size and purchase of this international guard 
to be determined by a commission or board of governors 
elected by each nation entering this treaty — a commission se- 
lected similar to our national senate." 

As this resolution was framed and adopted before the war 
the tenure of it is somewhat different to what it would have 
been had the matter come up for consideration since the 
United States entered the war. 

The plan of Mrs. Shapard as outlined in this resolution 
might indicate to some that she is a pacifist and as such is out 
of harmony with the administration in the present war. Noth- 
ing is further from the truth. She is in total harmony with 
the administration in the war program and favors fighting 
until German autocracy is crushed so it will never rise again. 

Mrs. Shapard believes that the proper place to lay the foun- 
dation for lasting peace is in the school rooms of the nation. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 135 

On this theory as member of the peace committee of the Wo- 
men's Federated Chibs, she has been instrumental in encour- 
aging the writing of peace essays by school children. While 
residing in AVichita Falls several years ago she took the lead 
in raising a fund which was used as prize money to encourage 
the children in the schools of that city to studv peace. Prizes 
were given for the best essays on peace. She was also instru- 
mental in carrying out the plan in the Inter-Scholastic League 
of Texas. She expects to take this matter up in Port Arthur 
at an early date. 

]Mrs. Shapard believes if the school children of the nation 
become interested in peace and are taught that peace is more 
honorable than war, that the sentiment of the nation will be 
changed and that when this spirit has spread throughout the 
world there will be no more wars. The majority of the school 
histories, Mrs. Shapard points out, paint the heroes of war as 
glorious persons. Boys, studying such histories, she declares, 
come to look upon war as a glorious and honorable thing and 
when they grow to manhood they retain these ideas imbedded 
in their minds during their school days. 

This same plan of teaching peace to school children, Mrs. 
Shapard believes, will be more instrumental than anything 
else, in bringing about industrial peace. If boys and girls, while 
they are in school, study industrial problems' they will become 
familiar with conditions as they will find them when they leave 
school. If they enter their life work Avith some knowledge of 
these matters and a desire inspired in them while in school, 
to be instrumental in maintaining harmony in the industrial 
world, there will be fewer strikes and fewer disputes between 
capital and labor. 

The nomination of Mrs. Shaj^ard for the Noliel Peace Prize 
has come without any solicitation whatever on her part. In 
proposing the League of Nations she had no idea Avhatever 
that she was doing something that would bring national rec- 
ognition of her work. 

As the result of an address on jjcace which she delivered 
before the Northwest Texas Press Association at Memphis in 
1913, Mrs. Shapard Avas made an honorary member of the 
association, and a resolution passed by the association indors- 
ing the League of Nations plan as outlined in her address was 
sent to the national administration. \\'illiam J. Bryan, who 
was at that time secretary of state, acknowledged receipt of 
the resolution and thanked Mrs. Shapard for the proposal of 
the League of Nations as a means of bringing about world- 
wide peace. 



136 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



The copy of the resolution passed by the association embody- 
ing Mrs. Shapard's plan is now on file in Washington. 

Mrs. Shapard attended the peace congress held in St. Louis 
in 1913. She was also elected a delegate from the Texas Fed- 
eration of Womens Clubs to the peace conference at The 
Hague, but because of a combination of circumstances over 
which she had no control, did not get to make the trip. 

There is probably not a woman in the State who has given 
the thought to this problem that Mrs. Shapard has. Sickened 
by the horrors of war as she has learned of them through her 
own ancestors, who have taken part in every war that has ever 
been fought on American soil, and by the great conflict that is 
now raging in Europe, it is the consuming desire of Mrs. 
Shapard to be instrumental in bringing about a peace that 
will be everlasting. 

Mrs. Shapard lived at Port Arthur part of the time during 
the war period where she worked constantly with Red Cross, 
Liberty Bonds and Thrift Stamps. She was chairman of the 
woman's department of Council of National Defense. She 
was also chairman of children's work there for six months and 
thoroughly organized Jefferson County for that work. She 
also worked with the Food Administration. 

She has one son, Will Christensen of Houston. Mrs. Sha- 
pard spent many years in Houston. She belongs to Houston 
Pen Women. She is a beautiful writer, a woman of splendid 
intellect and lovely disposition. She is a Daughter of the 
American Revolution and a Daughter of the Confederacy. 



KATIE DAFFAN 

A full and complete biography of 
Katie Daffan appears in "Who's 
Who," in "Woman's Who's Who of 
America," and in "Texas Woman's 
Hall of Fame," from which biog- 
raphies the following brief biog- 
raphy is prepared : 

Texas claims a brilliant, versatile 
and successful woman in Katie Daf- 
fan. In literary, educational and pa- 
triotic work she is distinguished, 
while there is no woman the South 
more widely and favorably known 
or better loved than she. Miss Daf- 
fan is the author of "Women in His- 
tory," biographical studies of great 
women in all periods of the world's historical development, 




CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 137 



and "The Woman on the Pine Springs Road," a qnanit femi- 
nine philosophv. touched with a sparkhng romance. My 
Father as I Remember Him" is her father's Hte m memonam. 
"Texas Heroes" is a story book for children, which mckides 
the biographies of the celebrated characters in Texas history. 
"\s Thinketh a Woman" is a collection of her early poems. 
"Texas Writers." a compilation bv D. F. Eagleton. late pro- 
fessor of English in Austin College, includes much ot Miss 
Dafifan's work. Miss Daft'an is a member ot the Authors 
League of America, which includes in its membership only 
those authors of national and international reputation. 

As State President of the Daughters of the Confederacy of 
Texas Miss Daffan accomplished a great work along memo- 
rial and historical lines, and many Chapters throughout the 
State were organized during her administrations. She has 
given liberally of her talents and of her time to the comfort 
and well-being of the Confederate soldiers. She has been 
twice appointed, by the Commander of the Texas Division 
United Confederate' Veterans. "Sponsor" for Texas, at the gen- 
eral Confederate re-unions. She was also appointed Sponsor 
for the South" by General Bennett H. Young. Commander-in- 
Chief of the Southern Hosts, which is among the highest so- 
cial distinctions enjoyed by a Southern woman. In recogni- 
tion of this honor conferred upon Miss Daffan. the Senate 
and the House of Representatives of Texas unanimously ex- 
pressed their appreciation and approval to General Young. 

Miss DaflFan is secretary for life of Hood's Texas Brigade, 
of which brigade her father. Colonel L. A. Daflfan. was a mem- 
ber She was the first superintendent of the Texas Conted- 
erate Woman's Home at Austin, to which office she was ap- 
pointed by Governor O. B. Colquitt. After successfully pre- 
siding over this State institution for more than seven years, 
she resigned, in order to resume, actively, her literary work 

\s president of the Texas Woman's Press Association she 
did much toward advancing and developing woman s work on 
newspapers, and along general literary lines. She has success- 
fully served as State Historian of the Daughters of the Amer- 
ican Revolution, and she is vice-president ot the I exas His- 
torical Association. 

Miss Daffan is deeply interested in the "art of story-tcllmg," 
and charmingly entertains large audiences of children of vari- 
ous ages, as well as all associations or organizations which 
hold the interest of the child foremost. She sometimes tells 
her own original stories, sometimes myths and legends, some- 
times the standard English. American or French historical 
stories. She includes among her friends thousands oi chil- 



138 CLUBS AND ORGANIZ ATIONS 

dren, and she has "told stories" to the soldiers at their camps, 
taking them back to their own childhood firesides, or giving 
them "stories" which they can tell again to their own little 
ones, when they return to their homes. 

Miss Daffan is now devoting her time to literary work and 
all that pertains thereto. 

ARABIA TEMPLE, O. M. S. 

One of the most active of the fraternal organizations of 
Houston during the period of the war and for its successful 
prosecution was Arabia Temple, Order of the Mystic Shrine. 
It gave unstinted support to the Government in all of its war 
activities and its membership, numbering some fourteen hun- 
dred, took a prominent part in all of the campaigns organized 
to support war work, promote the sale of Liberty Bonds and 
assisted generally in every undertaking having for its purpose 
the winning of the war. 

The outstanding feature of the Shriners' participation in 
the war is the fact that 356 of the 1400 members of Arabia 
Temple participated in the active prosecution of the war. The 
temple was represented in every branch of the service, and 
even before the United States troops began to move to France 
to take their places in the front line trenches, several of the 
more distinguished members were in France filling prominent 
places and directing the work of preparation for the larger 
task that was to follow. They especially were active in the 
engineering and railroad construction branch of the service, 
while a number of them were engaged in signal corps work, 
considered one of the most important branches of the service. 

Five gold stars have found a place on Arabia Temple service 
flag. Two of the four men who made the supreme sacrifice 
sleep beneath the poppies in Flanders Field, one was killed by 
a falling airplane, another died in the aerial service and a third 
fell a victim of the influenza in Camp Logan while he was 
preparing to go to France. 

Arabia Temple carried on special campaigns among its mem- 
bers for the purchase of Liberty Bonds and War Savings 
Stamps, as well as to promote subscriptions to Red Cross and 
War Work funds. In one Liberty Loan campaign, the mem- 
bership of the temple subscribed for a total of $275,000 worth 
of Liberty Bonds, and in all of the campaigns high records 
were made along this line. 

No individual honor has been claimed by any of the members 
of the temple for the part it played in these activities. The 
organization worked as a unit in all of the undertakings. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



139 



MR. A. R. HOWARD 

Mr. A. R. Howard is 
the father of Dr. Philo 
A. Howard, Lieutenant 
Colonel D. S. Howard 
of the U. S. Navy, and 
Geo. T. Howard, who is 
Secretary of State. Mr. 
A. R. Howard was for 
several years Grand 
Commander of Knights 
Templar of Texas. At 
the time of the terrible 
Galveston storm he 
raised $30,000 in two 
days for the suiTerers. 
Mr. Howard has been 
treasurer for the I. & 
G. N. Railway for more 
than thirt\- Acars. 




MRS. A. R. HOWARD 




Mrs. A. K. 1 low- 
ard is one of I lous- 
ton's most widely 
known and well be- 
loved women. She 
and lu'r husband re- 
sided in Houston 
more than citrht 
ytTirs. They came 
to I louston from 
Palestine, Texas, to 
be more C(jnvenient 
to Mr. Howard's 
Work. Mrs. How- 
ard is regent of the 
William F i n d 1 e y 
Chapter, Daughters 
of Confederacy. She 
is the only regent 
this chapter has 
ever had. Siie was 
also State president 
of the Daughters of 
the Confederacy for 
two terms and was 



140 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



State chairman of building fund for Confederate Woman's 
Home at Austin eight years. On account of the great con- 
fidence reposed in Mrs. Howard by many other chapters 
throughout the State she is often asked to represent them at 
conventions. unveiHng of monuments, and other gatherings. 
She is a splendid speaker, and her executive ability is truly 
wonderful. She is a leader of women and a true friend. The 
beautiful medallion she wears was presented her at a State 
convention and the following proverb is inscribed upon it : 
"Give her of the fruit of her hands and let her own works 
praise her in the gates." She is now honorary president of the 
William Findley Chapter. 

Mrs. Howard was vice-president and director of Texas 
Woman's Fair, the only institution of its kind in the world. 
She is also president of the Axson Club. The object of this 
organization is intellectual pursuits, social culture and by or- 
ganized efi^ort to aid such worthy causes as may enlist its 
sympathy. This club did splendid work during the war period. 
They worked at Red Cross, sold Liberty Bonds and Thrift 
Stamps, helped with Christmas packages for the soldiers, and 
did canteen work. They raised two thousand dollars with a 
trinket fund and donated the money to help rebuild the little 
French village Tollohey. They also adopted a French orphan. 
These ladies often sent flowers, cake and other delicacies to 
the hospital at Ellington Field. Mrs. Howard also adopted two 
boys from the field and entertained many others at different 
times. 

MRS. E. A. NORTON 

When the war broke out Mrs. 
Norton was one of Houston's most 
busy women. She was a director of 
Texas Woman's Fair and had given 
wonderful service as chairman of the 
canning department and when the 
Fair dropped its special activities to 
take up war work she was one of 
the first to ofifer her services for her 
country. She did splendid work as 
chairman of one division of Red 
Cross Auxiliary of Texas Woman's 
Fair under Mrs. W. M. Baines as 
general chairman ; also acted as cap- 
tain of canteen work for Red Cross 
Auxiliary of Texas Woman's Fair 
under direction of Mrs. A. C. Ford of canteen. She was also 
assistant chairman of Red Cross Auxiliary of Elks Club. She 




CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 141 

was one of the first to volunteer for the Ambulance Motor 
Corps instruction and passed a 100 per cent examination and 
was about to organize an Ambulance Motor Corps for the 
Government through the National League of Woman's Serv- 
ice, and was also studying French when she was taken ill. She 
is a trained nurse and is a graduate of the Laura Franklin 
Hospital of New York. She was anxious to be qualified for 
whatever service she might be called on to perform and wished 
to be able to do the thing that was most needed. 

Mrs. Norton's activities are too numerous to mention. She 
worked day and night and was ever happy in what she did. 

Mrs. Norton's daughter was one of our most famous enter- 
tainers during the war period. She was on programs for sol- 
diers two or three nights a week for more than a year. 

BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS, 
HOUSTON LODGE No. 151 

Nearly thirty years ago, a group of citizens of Houston 
gathered in a room in the Burns Building in this city and or- 
ganized the Houston Lodge of Elks. To lie more exact, it was 
on January 18, 1890, that this event occurred. It was an occa- 
sion which was destined to result in important develoi)ments 
in the growth of Elkdom in Texas and in the progress of the 
cit\" of Houston. 

'J'his grouj) of citizens numbered about 30, who were the 
charter members o\ llouston Lodge No. 151. benevolent and 
Protective Order of l^lks. Later several names were added to 
the charter list, bringing the total up to 38. Of that small 
band, only three have survived the toll of Father Time. They 
are George T. Jones, George F. Arnold and June Cox. 

The question of securing suitable (|uarU'rs for a niciting 
l)lace was the first matter of importance decided ui)on. Mr. 
Faulkner, the first treasurer of the Lodge, at that time owned 
a piece of property on which was located Blackburn's studio. 
This was on Prairie Avenue between Main and Fannin Streets. 
It was fitted up especially for the use cjI the h'lks, and in that 
])lace the club made its first real home, the lUirns B)uilding 
having l)een used merely as a temporary meeting ])lace during 
organization. 

The membership had steadily grown, and larger cjuarters 
were needed, so a lease was taken for a period of five years in 
the Binz Building with an option of renewal. The rental was 
$100 a month, 'i'he Lodge moved to the I'inz P.uilding in 1895. 

The Lodge retained its home in the llinz lUiilding for a 



142 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

period of ten years from the time the building was completed, 
and during that period it took on new life. One of the great- 
est obstacles was in overcoming in the beginning mistaken 
impressions as to its character and purposes. 

After the ten years spent in the Binz Building the Lodge 
moved to the Prince Theatre Building, where larger quarters 
were again secured. By this time the Lodge had grown from 
a membership of about 50 to over 600, and it gradually began 
to take its place as a strong factor in the community. 

From the Prince Theatre Building the Lodge moved to the 
Levy Building on Travis Street, where it remained for five 
years, until 1915, when it again moved, this time to the Stern 
Building over the Krupp & Tufifly shoe store on Main Street. 

Mr. Geo. G. Timmins is a charter member of the club and 
April, 1916, he was elected secretary. It is through his efforts 
that the club has its present beautiful home. 

About this time a high official of the Thalian Club called 
upon Mr. Timmins, and informed him that the club was seek- 
ing a location to erect a combination office and club building. 
Mr. Timmins at once suggested the two lots in which the Elks 
Club had an equity of $22,000, and that they could be traded 
for the Thalian Club's lot and building. 

The trade was effected in about fifteen minutes time, the 
Elks Club giving the two lots free and clear and transferring 
the $33,000 mortgage to the Thalian Club property. There 
were no commissions paid, and both sides were perfectly satis- 
fied with the proposition. Of course there was a great deal of 
detail work to be done in order to finally consummate the deal. 

It was in this connection that the late Mayor Pastoriza gave 
of his time and effort, devoting himself whole-heartedly and 
unsefishly to the task of getting affairs in shape. With the 
assistance of his able board of directors of the building asso- 
ciation all details were worked out, which resulted in Houston 
Lodge No. 151 taking title to its own home in August, 1916. 

The building committee under which the new home was 
purchased on August 2, 1916, was composed of the following: 
J. J. Pastoriza, president; A. Y. Austin, vice-president; Will 
W. Thomas, secretary-treasurer. Directors : Jo S. Rice, John 
H. Lang, T. E. Ravell, E. A. Hudson, B. A. Riesner, H. B. 
Finch, and Herschel Ehlert, assistant secretary and collector. 
Since the death of Mr. Pastoriza, A. Y. Austin has been act- 
ing president. The home was occupied by the Lodge on Octo- 
ber 1, 1916. 

The first honorary life member of the lodge was Robert 
Brewster, who was given that distinction early in the career 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 143 



of the Order. Since that time the honor has been bestowed 
upon the following five members, in appreciation of conspicu- 
ous and distinguished services rendered to the Lodge : James 
Lawlor, W. E. Jones, Frank Roberts, Ben Berry and George 
G. Timmins. 



The Elks in War 

The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks was founded 
upon the principles and ideals of thorough Americanism. From 
the day that it first entered upon the broad sphere and wide 
field of fraternalism. it spread as the first and foremost doc- 
trine of its existence the spirit of patriotism. 

It is not surprising, therefore, that in the present struggle 
of the Nation for the upholding of democratic ideals and the 
preservation of Liberty the Elks should stand in the front 
ranks. The mainstay of Elkdom is brotherhood and brotherly 
love. Prussianism seeks to array brother against brother. 
How natural that the Order of Elks should rise in its might 
against the Prussian despot. 

The same spirit and the same influence which brought about 
the creation of the Order of Elks at a time when the scars left 
by the war l)etween the States had not yet healed, and which 
played a prominent part in reuniting the several bonds l)et\vecn 
North and South, is abroad upon the land again today. 

That same spirit and influence, wielded by the Order of Elks, 
has spread across the land, calling to the members of the 
flock to unite again today under freedom's banner. The call 
has gone forth, and the response has been glorious. 

Lodge No. 151 answered all calls U>v aid. They subscrilu-d 
liberally to Liberty Loan Bonds and aided in securing sul)scrip- 
tions in large amounts. 

In the third Liberty Loan campaign, Houston Lodge con- 
ducted a drive which' resulted in the sale of $300,000 bonds. 
The Elks l)and paraded the streets, and the individual members 
made patriotic speeches. 

As soon as the spacious main floor ol the I'Jks' home was 
properly fitted up, half of it was turned over to llie local Red 
Cross Auxiliary as their headcjuarters. 

These are just a few of the instances of loyalty and jjatriot- 
ism which dominate the entire life of the Order of Elks. It 
has never failed to meet the highest call of duty to America. 

Officers during the war period were : Judge A. R. Hamblen, 
Exalted Ruler; Dr. Chas. M. Lusk, Exalted Ruler; F. S. Rob- 



144 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

erts, J. H. B. House, G. G. Timmins, R. J. Comstock, R. B. 
Baldwin, T. W. Moses, C. Grunwald, Henry F. Falk, Herschel 
Ehlert. 

Red Cross Auxiliary to Houston Lodge No. 151 : Mrs. G. G. 
Timmins, Mrs. Dr. Sid J. Smith, Mrs. E. A. Norton, Mrs. D. 
D. La Favor. 

$60,000 was donated to the Salvation Army for its children 
and orphans of soldiers, $1,000,000 was contributed to the 
members of War Relief work under direction of Elks War 
Relief Commission. 

Service flag of 112 stars ; service flag of two gold stars, E. D. 
Shock killed in action November 4, 1918; Silas McCollum at 
Camp Meade, October 1, 1918: 

The Service Flag 

Dear little flag in the window there. 
Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer ; 
Child of Old Glory, born with a star — 
Oh, what a wonderful flag you are. 

Blue is your star in its field of white. 
Dipped in the red that was born of fight ; 
Born of the blood that our forebears shed 
To raise your mother, The Flag, o'erhead. 

And now you've come, in this frenzied day, 
To speak from a window — to speak and say : 
"I am the voice of a soldier son. 
Gone to be gone till the victory's won. 

"I am the flag of The Service, sir ; 

The flag of his mother — I speak for her. 

Who stands by my window and waits and fears, 

But hides from the others her unwept tears. 

"I am the flag of the wives who wait 

For the safe return of a martial mate, 

A mate gone forth where the war god thrives. 

To save from sacrifice other men's wives. 

"I am the flag of the sweethearts true ; 
The often unthought of — the sisters, too. 
I am the flag of a mother's SON, 
And won't come down till the victory's won." 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



145 



ALFRED R. HAMBLEN 

Under the leadership of Exalted Ruler Alfred R. Hamblen, 
the Houston Lodge of Elks has seen its most prosperous 
period. Words are unavailing to express the sentiments of 
devotion and admiration which are felt towards him by each 
and every member. \\'hile he has been honored in being ele- 
vated to the highest place within the gift of the Lodge, the 
membership is doubly honored in having such a leader. 

Exalted Ruler Hamblen is a Houston product, and his life 
and career here is too well known to require rehearsal. He 
has been honored by the citizenship and by the members of his 
profession time and again. In what great esteem he is held is 
evidenced by his re-election to the office of Exalted Ruler for 
a second term. That is a rare distinction, and one which is 
seldom oft'ered. 



DR. C. M. LUSK 

Was Esteemed Leading Knight 
during the first part of the war 
period and became Exalted Ruler be- 
fore the war closed and still retains 
that office. Dr. Lusk took a strong, 
active part in all the war activities, 
giving freely of his time in all drives 
for funds. Liberty Loans, War 
Savings Stamps. War Community 
Service, etc. His wife also was very 
active in all war work. Dr. Lusk 
was born and raised in Houston, his 
family having resided here for more 
than 35 years. Dr. Lusk was edu- 
cated at Georgetown and attended 
the Chicago Medical and Surgery 
College. He is a young man of great promise, having 
made wonderful strides in the citv's advancement. 




already 



146 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

ROTARY CLUB WARTIME ACTIVITIES 
R. H. Spencer, "War President'* 

The Rotary Club of Houston had a vital part in the war 
activities of the city. Not only in material assistance rendered 
to all war enterprises, but in furnishing leadership in all the 
various campaigns, the club rendered fine service. 

Beginning with the Rotary Circus, which was given in the 
spring of 1917, under the direction of James Dow, the club 
was at all times a faithful friend to the Red Cross. From the 
Rotary Circus more than $800 was derived and at Christmas, 
1917, funds for the Red Cross totalling more than $1200 were 
raised. Aside from these sums the club made liberal donations 
from its own treasury. 

John T. Scott, general director for this division, and Fred 
T. Wilson, in charge of the South Texas Speakers' Bureau for 
Red Cross, were both members of the Rotary Club. 

Under the leadership of James Dow and Court Norton the 
club raised about $4000 with which instruments for the Elling- 
ton Band were purchased. 

The flag pole at Ellington Field was donated by the club. 
F. M. Law, chairman, and J. P. Richardson, secretary of the 
club, served in these respective capacities in the Four-Minute 
Men's organization. Among the Rotarians who won the Cer- 
tificate of Honor for services as Four-Minute Men were : 
Frank C. Jones, Paul W. Horn, Harry Willcockson, Peter Gray 
Sears, Minor Stewart, Fred T. Wilson and R. H. Spencer. 

Joseph W. Evans served as County Chairman in the United 
War Work campaign in the fall of 1918. 

Among those who served as chairmen of special committees 
in the War Savings campaign of 1918 were : James Dow, P. 
W. Horn and Fred T. Wilson. 

In all the Liberty Bond campaigns the club furnished active 
workers. R. H. Spencer, as president of the club, served as 
right hand man in the Fourth Liberty Loan campaign and Vic- 
tory Loan campaign. Among the Rotarians who were most 
active in this work were J. H. Pittman, J. L. Myers, A. S. 
Vandervoort and A. S. Pimentel. 

A. S. Pimentel, J. B. Westover and Geo. F. Conant rendered 
conspicuous service in campaign for funds for advertising w^ar 
enterprises. 

In the 1919 campaign to sell War Savings Stamps, H. A. 
Halverton of the club is county chairman and the entire club 
is behind him in this work. 



C LUBS AND ORGANIZATION S 147 

W. C. Paige, H. H. O.rem, Charles H. Jenkins, George E. 
Stock and ^^'ilbur Gaston served in Y. M. C. A. service during 
the war. 

D. M. Tourtellot served in the Red Cross work in Italy. 

The Rotarians who were in active war service were : Chester 
Toy, of the Signal Corps ; W. W. Ralston, John H. Foster, Lyle 
J. Logue and Roy D. Wilson, in the Medical Corps ; Robert 
Neal in Coffee Division, Q. M. C. ; George Leake, in P. O. 
Division, France ; John H. Freeman, in Aviation ; Fred Austin, 
Marines ; Ralph Cooley, Dental Corps ; Eben Stanley, Aviation 
Service ; Leo Levy and J. J. Rogers, Infantry ; C. A. Fisher, 
Signal Battalion ; Moody Dawson, in war service at Wash- 
ington. 

Under the direction of John Patrick extensive collection of 
clothing for Belgian refugees was made. 

Herbert C. May served as director of campaign for Arme- 
nian and Syrian relief, rendering fine service. 

Elijah Coles served as State chairman of Smileagc IJooks. 
Alvin Moody and A. E. Kiesling directed the sales in Houston. 

James Shelton served in his usual whole-souled way on all 
committees for Red Cross, Liberty Bonds. Thrift Stamps and 
all relief drives. 

Sam Harris, of the club, died in France of pneumonia while 
in active service. 

R. H. Spencer was a])p<)inted l)y Governor ll()l)by on vState 
committee to select land for soldiers. He also rendered great 
service in the Food Administration campaign. 

A. J. Hazlett was the representative of the Government in 
plan for conservation of oil. 

F. M. Law was one of the executive officers of tlu- I louston 
Chapter A. R. C. 

John S. Bonner was one of the effective speakers in all cam- 
paigns for bond issues and Red Cross. 

F. E. Russell served as treasurer in .Armenian and Syriati 
Relief campaign. 



148 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

THE HARRIS COUNTY EQUAL SUFFRAGE 
ASSOCIATION 

This organization was headed during the war period by Mrs. 
Hortense Ward, and a great many of Houston's best, most 
earnest and patriotic women were ardent workers for suffrage. 

Among the foremost were Mrs. Harris Masterson, Mrs. 
B. L. Young, Mrs. G. A. Young, Mrs. Thomas Eggert, Mrs. 
Joe Palmer, Miss Pansy Holdman, Miss Florence Sterling and 
many others. 

The principal work during this period was the organization 
of units throughout the country to co-operate with head- 
quarters along lines patriotic and political. Liberty Loan 
rallies were held at many points with great success. A Liberty 
Bond booth at Rice Hotel, operated by an efficient committee, 
increased sales during the third issue of bonds over $300,(X)0. 
During sales of smileage books for entertainment of our sol- 
dier boys one hundred were taken by the membership. 

In October drive for sales of Liberty Bonds, fourth issue, 
the services of their executive secretary were tendered Harris 
County Women's Liberty Loan Committee, and work was 
carried on from their desk. Despite the handicap of influenza 
epidemic and inability to hold meetings the efforts of the 
women of this organization, through house to house canvass 
and down town booth, amounted to $610,000, a good share of 
the total secured by the woman's committee, $2,339,000. 

The United War Work fund received as its contribution 
from their work over $10,000, and the Red Cross Christmas 
Roll Call, through residence canvass, made in bad weather by 
the women, was increased to the extent of 1433 memberships, 
the workers assisting also in down town booths. 

Once each month throughout the year their services have 
been given at recreational canteens, the last assignment falling 
on Christmas Day, at which time, assisted by War Camp Com- 
munity Service, they entertained almost a thousand soldiers, 
a Christmas dinner and tree being popular features of the day. 

During November and December committees from the or- 
ganization operating War Savings banks, sold $15,822.48 worth 
of Stamps, occupying all banks December 30. 

The success attained by this organization in 1918 grew out 
of the wonderful spirit of unselfish co-operation characterizing 
the efforts of their co-workers, and never did they neglect 
opportunity for usefulness in connection with war work. 



CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 



149 




ORGANIZED LABOR HELPFUL IN SPIRIT AND 
PERFORMANCE 

An elT(jrt to prcsetit a liistory of war work in Houston with- 
out including a chapter on the helpfuhiess of organized labor 
would omit perhaps the most effective single influence that 
contributed to the successful outcome of our struggle for 
democracy and human welfare. Yet an attempt to set down 
in detail the various activities of trade unions affiliated with 
the Houston Labor and Trades Council would lead into a 
labyrinth of patriotic endeavors \\hich in themselves w^ould 
require volumes to record. 

One has authority to speak for organized labor only to the 
extent of his information and understanding. We may judge 
its attitude, however, l)y its history and performance. Upon 
this basis it may be asserted with unreserved assurance that 
the organized workers of Houston solidly supported the gov- 
ernment and valiantly defended American ideals. They were 
eager to perform any service or make any sacrifice for the 
common good. 



150 CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 

Not only were thousands of union men doing their full and 
heroic duty in the ranks of our fighting men on the battle 
fronts, but here at home, in every field of service, they w^ere 
striving with patriotic loyalty and fervent devotion to increase 
the efficiency and power of America that our institutions 
might be preserved and the triumph of world democracy speed- 
ily achieved. 

There was no quarrel, no contention, between the govern- 
ment and the unions. To the contrary, they recognized the 
mutuality of interests that makes them interdependent. 

No element of citizenship more truly represents the spirit 
of America than does organized labor of today; no element 
served with greater zeal and less selfishness during the war. 
It is for the ultimate happiness of all humanity that America 
strives ; it is to the same end that labor unions have been ad- 
vancing with varying degrees of progress for three-score 
years. They realized that civilization can not ascend above the 
level of economic conditions and that social progress comes 
only with a like measure of economic advancement. 

It was fortunate for us, and for the world, that, during the 
assault upon our traditions and the ideals of democracy, our 
course was directed by a vision perceiving not only the true 
spirit of America but the relative values of its constituent in- 
fluences. Woodrow Wilson proved that he knew the hearts 
of workingmen to be true, loyal to the common cause. He 
showed that he understood the principles of their organiza- 
tions, and wisely protected their associated power that it 
might be used to the advantage of all in prosecution of the 
war. 

By no other means tolerable to a liberty-loving people could 
industry have continued free from serious interruption and 
constant menace under conditions so abruptly and radically 
altered. Without the counsel and co-operation of Samuel 
Gompers and other experienced men of ability, in direct touch 
with the workers themselves, it would have been hazardously 
difficult, if not insuperably disastrous, to embark upon indus- 
trial expansion on such a scale as America attained. 

The course of organized labor in Houston since the war has 
been one of consistent conservatism, out of which has come 
steady and substantial progress. It is natural that, in the first 
twelvemonth of reconstruction — a period of trying economic 
conditions — there should be disturbed industrial relations ; but, 
even in this respect, local workers and business interests have 
been singularly fortunate. The harmony and teamwork that 
made Houston's war activities effective promise to continue 
through our era of peace. 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 151 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ACTIVITIES 

The best evidence as to the manner in which the citizens of 
Houston responded to calls made upon them was a personal 
letter from INIajor General Bell, addressed to the Chamber of 
Commerce, commending the citizens for the manner in which 
the merchants generally had handled the members of his divi- 
sion during the 14 months in which they were encamped at 
Camp Logan. Every detail, from the leasing of land to the 
purchasing of supplies, was handled through the Chamber of 
Commerce. The Cantonment Committee of the Chamber of 
Commerce devoted much time not only to the locating of 
Camp Logan but to the construction of a gravel road extension 
of the street railway and water lines. 

The location of Ellington Field, now considered not only 
one of the largest but the greatest flying field in the L'^nited 
States, was secured by the Chamber of Commerce, the details 
of which were handled in the same manner as Camp Logan, 
having something over 3000 acres under lease, 1280 of which 
has recently been purchased by the government, for which 
they paid approximately $90,000.00, making a total investment 
of more than $2,000,000.00. The Congressional Committee on 
Military Affairs, which recently visited this field, not only 
gave its endorsement ot this field as being the greatest in the 
United States, but recommended the purchase of additional 
lands, thereby insuring it to be one of the largest flying fields 
in the United States. The Chamber of Commerce is now 
negotiating for the i)urchase of these additional lands upon 
which the government now holds a lease. These negotiations 
have been of such a character that it has required the services 
of one man from the Chamber of Commerce from the time of 
the war with Germany until the present time. The location of 
Camp Logan and Ellington Field has meant the expenditure 
of many thousands of dollars by the government, of which the 
merchants and l)usiness men of Houston have l:)een benefited, 
and Houston has received her share of advertising, which 
come by reason of the establishing of these two imjjortant 
army camps. It is an endorsement of the efforts of the Cham- 
ber of Commerce to know that Houston has been selected by 
the United States Government for one of its permanent flying 
fields, where many men will l)e trained for the Air Service. 

In the summer of 1915, when the Second Division of the 
United States Army was stationed at Texas City, under com- 
mand of Major General Franklin Bell, General Bell visited 
Houston with a view of selecting quarters for the Second Di- 
vision. At that time there was no thought of mobilizing the 



152 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 

forces of the United States for war with Germany, but realiz- 
ing the many advantages offered by Houston for an army 
camp, General Bell tentatively selected the camp site which 
was later designated as Camp Logan. 

In the summer of 1917 a board, composed of Army officers, 
designated by the War Department for the purpose of select- 
ing an army camp, visited Houston, and in connection with a 
committee from the Chamber of Commerce this board went 
over the ground which had formerly been inspected by Gen- 
eral Bell. Later a second board inspected this camp site, and 
through the Chamber of Commerce secured leases on 2095 
acres, which composed the first lease executed between the 
Chamber of Commerce and the United States Government for 
the purpose of a camp site to be used for the mobilization of 
troops. Later, additional grounds were added to this camp, 
until the camp site comprised more than nine acres. This was 
used for the training of the Thirty-Third Division, known as 
the Illinois National Guards, commanded by Major General 
George Bell, Jr. The activities, not only pertaining to the 
leasing of these grounds, but the housing of the officers, wives 
and families, were carried on by the Chamber of Commerce. 
In fact every activity pertaining to the welfare of the soldiers 
being negotiated through the Chamber of Commerce. 

J. S. CULLINAN, President. 

D. S. CAGE, Vice President. 

J. Z. GEORGE, General Manager. 

J. W. LINK, Ch'm'n Cantonment Committee. 

BEN S. DAVISON, Sec'y Military Affairs Com. 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 



153 



Special Chairmen 




EDWIN B. PARKER 

Mr. Parker left Houston in July, 
1917, to take the chairmanship of the 
Priorities Committee of the Council 
of National Defense. He remained 
at the head of this committee until 
the armistice was signed. He was 
then appointed by the President as 
chairman of the Liquidation Com- 
mission, charged with the duty of 
liquidating all claims and accounts 
and unfinished settlements between 
the United States and its allies. He 
is still in France in connection with 
this work, but will conclude it and 
return to Houston before the end of 
the present year. 



LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS 

Houston Led All Texas Cities in Subscriptions 

Honorable Chester H. Bryan, 
County Judge of Harris County, was 
chairman of the five Liberty Loan 
drives. The patriotic men and wo- 
men of the city gave unstintingly ot 
their time and money to this fund. 

In each of the five Liberty Loan 
drives the city exceeded its quota. 
This was notably true in the third, 
when subscriptions amounted to ap- 
proximately three million more than 
had been assigned to the district. 
The quotas in the five campaigns 
amounted to about $39,000,000, while 
there was a total of more than $45,- 
000,000 subscribed, the excess being 
more than $6,000,000. 

Houston was the only large city in the State of Texas to 
exceed its quota in the fifth campaign, which was known as 
the "Victory" loan. 




154 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 



First Liberty Loan— Quota, $5,270,000 ; subscribed $5,930,500. 
Second Liberty Loan — Quota, $6,550,350 ; subscribed $6,714,- 
300. 

Third Liberty Loan— Quota, $8,761,600; subscribed $9,777,- 
550. 

Fourth Liberty Loan— Quota, $10,500,000; subscribed $13,- 
251,150. 

Fifth (Victory) Loan— Quota, $7,593,800; subscribed $7,- 
680,650. 



WAR SAVINGS STAMPS 

Houston at all times delivered 
100 per cent in results in all her 
activities. So when the War Sav- 
ings Stamps were issued adults 
and children alike bought them 
and cherished them as a child does 
a new toy. With delight they 
watched their treasure grow. 
Children were happy in saving 
their ice cream and candy money 
for stamps. Many women and 
girls wore their old clothing that 
they might help by buying stamps. 
The quota assigned to the dis- 
trict was $3,071,000. Mr. Guy M. 
Bryan, one of the leading bankers 
in the city, managed the campaign 
and built up an efficient organiza- 
tion of helpers. 

So successful was the drive that the large and what seemed 
at the start as an impossible quota, was not only subscribed 
but the amount exceeded by approximately $300,000. 




MR. H. A. HALVERTON 

Mr. H. A. Halverton was chairman of Thrift Stamps after 
the signing of the armistice. Mr. Halverton is one of Hous- 
ton's most worthy citizens and is giving conscientiously of his 
time trying to awake in our citizens a spirit of economy and 
thrift. Mr. Halverton was city commissioner of Houston for 
a number of years. 

H. W. Lewis conducted the campaign of education which 
had for its purpose the urging of men to keep their jobs. 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 



155 



WAR SAVINGS BANKS 




Ten of these little War Savings i^)anks were built at the 
exi)ense of the War Advertising Cmnmittee. They occupied 
prominent street corners in the city during the entire period 
of the campaign for the sale of W'ar Savings Stamps. They 
were kept open day and evenings and proved a great conve- 
nience to the public. They also did service in subsecpient 
campaigns and have since been sold as children's playhouses. 



156 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 




WAR SKETCH OF E. A. PEDEN 

Edward Andrew Peden, President 
of the Peden Iron & Steel Company 
of Houston, San Antonio and Fort 
Worth, became Federal Food Ad- 
ministrator for Texas in September, 
1917, and was in control of the dis- 
tribution of feed and foodstuffs 
throughout the war. 

In December, 1918, Administrator 
Peden was summoned to Europe by 
Herbert Hoover, United States Food 
Administrator, to assist in the dis- 
tribution of foodstuffs to the allies 
- and the subjugated nations. 

While in Europe he was a member 
of Mr. Hoover's personal staff at 
the American Relief Administration 
Headquarters in Paris. About the middle of March, 1919, at 
Mr. Hoover's request, he undertook perhaps the most impor- 
tant task of his public career, that of organizing the "Child 
Relief Bureau" of the A. R. A., its object being the supplying 
of at least one supplemental meal per day for the under-nour- 
ished children of Europe in both allied and enemy countries. 

Mr. Peden's administration in Texas, during the war, was 
one of the most efficient of the forty-eight States of the Union 
and in many instances his service was so recognized by the 
authorities in Washington. He returned in July, 1919, after 
seven months of service abroad, and was only in Houston a 
matter of one month when he was again called into Federal 
service as Food Administrator for Texas to handle the issue 
of High Cost of Living under the Department of Justice. On 
October 11, 1919, he voluntarily resigned this work to the 
Department of Justice in Texas, resuming his life as a business 
man and private citizen. 

Mr. Peden was born in Georgia on March 5, 1868, and is 
of American, Scotch Irish descent. He was educated in the 
city schools and Sam Bailey Male Institute of Griffin, Georgia, 
coming to Texas in 1883. His work as Food Administrator is 
the only public office he ever held, except as director and 
president of the Houston Chamber of Commerce. 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 



157 



UNITED WAR WORK CAMPAIGN 

In the second year of the war the Government decided that 
instead of having a drive to raise funds for each of the war re- 
lief organizations it would be a better plan to consolidate and 
launch a "United War Work" campaign. Mr. J. W. Evans was 
chosen as general manager of this campaign and again men. 
women and children were called into service. There was much 
self-denial and many sacrifices made by the very poor during 
all these drives, but' they seemed to be happy in giving. The 
quota for this drive was $325,000; $430,000 was raised. 

The organizations that were to use this money for relief 
funds were ; Young Men's Christian Association, Young Wo- 
men's Christian Association, War Camp Community Service, 
Salvation Army. Knights of Columbus and American Library 
Association. 



ARMENIAN-SYRIAN RELIEF 



When the call came for help for 
the war sufferers in the Far l^ast. 
the War Advertising Committee 
found itself confronted with an- 
other task that was not contem- 
plated when the committee was 
called into being. 

A. C. Ford, president of one of 
the lumber companies in Houston, 
was drafted to direct the cam- 
paign in the city and Herbert C. 
May, head of one of the city's 
commercial printing establish- 
ments, directed the work in the 
South Texas district. 

This drive for relief funds was 
in no way different from the other 
drives for war relief. The people 
had learned that it was more 
"blessed to give than to receive," so they vied with each other 
in giving and Houston, as usual, went "over the top." 




158 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 




ACTIVITIES OF JEWISH WAR RELIEF COMMITTEE 

FOR 1919 

A proclamation by the Gover- 
nor of this State set aside the 
week of April 7th to the 12th 
for the Jewish War Relief Work. 
The committee was composed 
of the following: Mr. Abe M. 
Levy, chairman ; Mr. Dave H. 
Straus, vice-chairman and cam- 
paign manager; Mr. Jo S. Rice, 
treasurer. 

Executive Committee : Mr. A. 
S. Cleveland, Mr. Will C. Hogg, 
Mr. C. Mendelsohn, Mr. A. A. 
Bath, Mr. S. F. Carter, Mr. Ike 
Keller, Mr. Leonard Werthan, 
Mr. Denton Cooley, Mr. Meyer 
Wagner, Mr. T. J. Donohoe, Mr. 
H. S. Fox, Jr., Mr. Simon Sako- 
witz, Mr. Jno. T. Scott, Mr. 
Robt. Wier, Mr. R. M. Farrar, Mr. Jno. R. Young. The Indus- 
trial Plan was adopted for raising funds. Chairmen of differ- 
ent lines of business were appointed, who in turn appointed 
their committee to solicit contributions from others in their 
same line of business. 

Again the city was assigned a quota entirely out of propor- 
tion to that requested by other cities having the same popula- 
tion. Makers of quotas seemed to have learned of Houston's 
habit of doing more than it was asked for to help win the war 
and relieve distresses occasioned by it. Houston's quota of 
$100,000 was more than twice as much as some other cities of 
like population were asked to raise, and when half of the 
amount was subscribed telegrams of congratulation came from 
New York to Mr. Strauss, and when the goal was reached, he 
was accredited with having established "a most remarkable 
record." 

CZECHO-SLOVAK RELIEF WORK 

At 2:30 a. m. July 15, 1919, the Czecho-Slovak Battalion of 
Death, after traveling 18,000 miles from the farthest point of 
Siberia to the Pacific Coast, thence by boat in charge of the 
American Red Cross to California, United States of America, 
thence by train across the continent, the foot-tired, homesick 
convalescents reached Houston, where a grand reception 
awaited them. Every person identified with this race of people 
and many others were at the depot to greet them. Just a few 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 159 

days before Houston had given a "tag day" to raise money to 
help this race of people and their history had been repeated 
throughout the city. A great many relatives of the men in this 
famous battalion resided in Houston and there was great re- 
joicing, shouting, laughing and crying. Although it was 2 :30 
a. m. the Municipal Band was on hand and ten or more Czecho- 
slovak women and girls were there dressed in their native 
costume carrying great trays of food prepared in Czecho- 
Slovonia style. The Red Cross as usual, with Mrs. Gilliland as 
chairman, served hot coffee and sandwiches. 

WAR ADVERTISING COMMITTEE OF HOUSTON 

Personnel of Committee — Tovell Marston, W. L. Macatee & 
Sons, General Chairman ; G. E. Kepple, Recorder Arabia Tem- 
ple, Director of Publicity; J. B. \Vestover, Advertising Mgr., 
Levy Bros. Dry Goods Co., Director of Advertising; A. S. 
Pimentel, Houston Bill Posting Co., Ways and Means ; Geo. F. 
Conant, Oakland Automobile Distributor, Speakers. 

Early in the war the Government realized the necessity of 
invoking the pulling power of publicity in order to finance the 
various war activities. A committee of live of Houston's lead- 
ing citizens were appointed. This committee studied the plans 
used in other cities, adopted what they liked best and elimin- 
ating what seemed to present difficulties, they built up llie 
most efficient and economical plan adopted by any city in the 
South. 

The cry at every hand was for conservation. That applied 
to advertising funds as to everything else. The Houston plan, 
provided for one budget for all purposes, lightened the labors 
of the campaign managers, pleased the people and brought 
results far beyond the exi)ectations of the committee itself. 

That the Association's plan was highly satisfactory to those 
who were called upon to bear the expense is evidenced by the 
fact that after the rtrst fund of $5,300 was raised and expended 
the finance committee set out to raise $15,000 more— and after 
that amount was reached, money continued to conn- in until 
over $23,000 was received. 

Results are the true index to the success of any campaign. 
In taking the final account of the war activities in Houston, 
not only does the work of the War Advertising Committee 
stand out prominently as compared with the work done in 
other cities, but the whole-hearted support accorded the gov- 
ernment by the press and other advertising mediums of the 
city must be given "top of column next to reading matter" 
consideration as one of the chief accomplishments of Houston's 
activity during the war. 



160 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 



WAR ADVERTISING COMMITTEE 




G. E. Kepple , J. W. Westover 

Tovell Marston 
A. S. Pimentel Geo. F. Connant 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 161 

DR. J. P. RICHARDSON 
Chairman Four-Minute Men 

James Perkins Richardson is a native of the State of IlHnois ; 
he first came to Texas in 1892, where he was a teacher in the 
Ball High School at Galveston. He has made his home in 
Houston since 1913, where he is head master of the Prosso 
Preparatory School, a private institution preparing boys and 
girls for college. 

Dr. Richardson was educated at Yale University, receiving 
his first degree in 1891 and the second in 1906. He has always 
been a teacher, first in the public schools, then an instructor 
at Yale, for the last thirty years he has been engaged in pri- 
vate school work. 

In college he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta frater- 
nity. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, is past master of 
the Blue Lodge and of the Lodge of Perfection, and director 
of all degree work in the Scottish Rite bodies of Houston. He 
is a member of the Y. M. B. L., the Rotary Club, the Univer- 
sity Club and the Park Place Country Club. 

During the war Dr. Richardson acted as secretary of the 
Four-Minute Men's organization of Houston ; as such he had 
charge of all the speaking in the theatres and churches of 
Houston, on the streets in the various campaigns, and in the 
school districts of Harris County. Associated with him were 
more than a hundred men and women who gave loyally of their 
time and money to further the cause of patriotism through the 
spoken word. Many of them made more than two hundred 
speeches during the war ; Dr. Richardson himself delivered 
nearly four hundred. 

In addition to the local work Dr. Richardson was sent out 
of the county frequently to address audiences ; in one Red 
Cross campaign he was sent to Oklahoma, and in one bond 
campaign he made speeches in Missouri. 

During all the term of the war Dr, Richardson was ably 
assisted by his wife, Ethel Park Richardson, who spoke con- 
stantly as a member of the Four-Minute organization, while 
at the same time serving as a meml)er of the Red Cross Motor 
Corps, in which she received certificates as aml)ulance driver 
and for first aid work. 

Since the armistice Dr, Richardson has been asked many 
times to place his experience at the service of worthy organi- 
zations needing speakers, and has always l)een ready to assist 
to the best of his abilitv. 



162 



SPECIAL CHAIRMAN 




MR. THOMAS FLAXMAN 

Mr. Thomas Flaxman is one of 
the best known men in the social 
circles of Houston. He has for many 
years given unreservedly of his serv- 
ices in all enterprises that had for 
their aim the social uplift of the city. 
So w^hen the war broke out Mr. 
Flaxman very naturally was chosen 
chairman of a committee to look 
after wholesome entertainment for 
the soldiers stationed at Camp Lo- 
gan. He organized a committee of 
more than 300 men, women and chil- 
dren and put on one of the most 
magnificent entertainments of its 
kind ever produced by amateurs in 

the city. This was called the "Community War Work Enter- 
tainment." One of the principal objects of these entertainers 
under Mr. Flaxman's supervision was to stir up enthusiasm 
over the sale of War Savings Stamps. He also gave valuable 
assistance in disposing of Liberty Bonds during every drive 
and did not at any time fail to contribute both money and val- 
uable service for all Red Cross work. Mr. Flaxman is a staunch 
supporter of all public enterprises that are of benefit to the 
city. He is chairman of what is known as the permanent ex- 
position board and hopes in the near future to find means to 
establish this splendid project for the upbuilding of Houston. 



UNITED STATES 
EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 

Mr. H. R. Christian was in 
charge of the United States Em- 
ployment Bureau. Records show 
that this city recruited more war 
workers than any city in the 
South. The great industries of 
the country did not for a moment 
suffer for want of labor. Men who 
loved to loaf were set to work, 
women took the place of their 
husbands and brothers who had 
gone to war. The spokes in the 
wheel fitted the cogs as smoothly 
as before the war. 




ENTERTAINERS 



163 



MRS. JNO. WESLEY GRAHAM, JR., 

Formerly of St. Louis, 'Mo., artist 

for the Choral Chib of that city, 

and officer of the Ten O'Clock 

Musicale Club. Mrs. Graham is 

director of First M. E. Church of 

Houston and has the largest 

chorus choir of the South, having- 

on special occasions 200 voices 

and a standing choir of 100 voices. 

all trained soloists, and an organ- 
ization that has no equal in the 

South, having been in existence 

for ten years. Under Mrs. Cra- 

ham's direction and never-tiring 

energy they have well earned and 

deserved the name thev have — 

The Best Choir in the South. They 

gave many programs for l)oth El- 
lington Field and Logan that de- 
serve great mention for their 

splendid arrangement and Mrs. 

rrraham's concerts always draw 

large audiences. For three years 

Mrs. Graham was the president of the Music l)e])artment for 

the State of Texas at the Texas Woman's Fair, bringing many 

fine artists from all the cities of Texas here ; also Mrs. Graham 
brought foreign artists from the East and abroad. For three 
years Mrs. Graham has been the director for the Munn Com- 
munity Concerts which she organized and which are held each 
Wednesday afternoon in the Munn Auditorium from 3 to 4 
o'clock for the poor. 

During the war Mrs. Graham had charge of the music for 
€very Thrift drive, Liberty Loan and Red Cross drive of the 
City of Houston. Floats were arranged for the streets with 
pianos and the artists were the finest of the city that sang and 
assisted Mrs. Graham. From five to seven concerts a week 
vvere given to each camp by Mrs. Graham's pupils under her 
direction and a private train carried Mrs. Graham's choir to 
Prairie View. Texas, to sing under command from Washington 
for their army post at that place. Mrs. Graham's life has 
been given to the public for the last ten years, her musicales 
helping to sui)port and give pleasure to' the Harris County 
School for Girls. Harris County School for F.oys. Old Folks' 
Farm. Rayland Orjjhan Home. Newsbovs' Home^ Co-Operative 
Home for Girls, Y. W. C. A., Y. M. C. A., Boy Scouts, Elks, 




16^ 



ENTERTAINERS 



K. P., K. C, Masonic Orders, Jewish Literary Society, all fra- 
ternal organizations and church denominations of the city 
have received great help and feel a great uplift from her won- 
derful music. 

Mrs. Graham is a great worker, loves everybody, and lives 
by the motto, "Live and Let Live" ; teaches over one hundred 
students each year, turns out hundreds of splendid artists and 
never tires of doing for others. In other words, she's a Big 
Little Woman. Some of the pupils who assist Mrs. Graham 
are: Mrs. Dan Vickers, Miss Mazie Parish, who won the 
State prize Oscar Scholarship for the entire State ; Miss Lena 
Mendelssohn, Miss Maidelle Ivy, Miss Corinne Garrison, Miss 
Vivian Soby, Mrs. V. H. Darris, Miss Lillian Richards, Miss 
Ethel Tompkins, Mrs. E. J. Flake, Miss Jessie Hogue, Mrs. 
Wm. Uhler, Mrs. L. R. Kier, Miss Ivey Gill, Miss Hilda Mul- 
lane, Margaret Rubbright, Ruth Thomas Ames, Sallie Lock- 
hart, Lillian Jett, Catherine Berryman, Mable Kelley, Hilda 
Gallia, Alzaida Knickerbocker, Frances O'Barr and many 
other prominent and favorite soloists. 



MISS NAOMI DUKES 



One of Plouston's Most Charming Entertainers and a 
Teacher of Expression. 

Miss Dukes was a loyal and en- 
thusisatic worker for the cause of 
Liberty during the entire period of 
the war. She gave a number of pro- 
grams at L. B. A., Camp Logan, El- 
lington Field, both at Y. M. C. A. and 
Enlisted Men's Club, assisted most 
by the following pupils : Edris Ez- 
zell, Lodi Stockbridge, Wilhelmine 
Winerich, Marcia Bercofif, Bertha 
and Harry Gordon, Eva Louise Wes- 
tall, Richard Fagin and Hortense 
Gross. Also programs at the Can- 
teen. She had a circle of children 
who made gun wipes for the boys 
at Camp Logan and knitted different 

articles, among them an ambulance robe. She organized a 
War Savings Stamp Club among children which was char- 
tered with National organization and sold W. S. S. in one of 
the W. S. S. banks. 




ENTERTAINERS 



165 




MISS EDITH MAY BAINES 

Miss Baines is the daughter of 
Mrs. W. M. Baines and she assisted 
her mother in entertaining the en- 
hsted men at Elhngton Field, Camp 
Logan and the L. B. A. Altogether 
58 programs. Miss Baines worked 
constantly at knitting, often work- 
ing until twelve at night. She also 
gave good service with Texas Wo- 
man's Fair. Red Cross Auxiliary and 
Patriotic Leag^ue. 



A few young ladies who assisted constant!}- with the enter- 
taining are Miss Sallie Lockhart, Miss Roberta Lockhart, Miss 
Maud Nicholson, Miss Martha Binde and Miss Effie Fromm. 



MISS HILDA IRENE GALIA 

Is one oi Ilouston's most talented 
young women and she will undoubt- 
edly be well remembered l)y the 
soldiers of Ellington Field and 
Camp Logan. 

She is a graduate in Ivxpression. 
lia\ing completed a successful tour 
in the East, giving entertainments 
and concerts. 

During the war she gave of her 
time freely, arranging programs for 
the soldiers' entertainment. She has 
a delightful personality and her 
readings ari- wonderfully pleasing. 
■^ She l^raved the elements upon all oc- 
casions, never complaining; her only 

thought was to bring cheer and smiles to the home-sick boys. 

She claimed the distinction of being one who never failed to 

fulfill an ai)pointment. She likewise never failed to please her 

aiulifuce. 




166 



ENTERTAINERS 



THE XXVI CLUB 




Mrs. C. K. Willbanks 



As soon as America entered the war Mrs. Willbanks was 
appointed chairman of the hospitality committee for the 
Woodland Methodist Church. The boys were invited to at- 
tend services and then taken home to be entertained in their 
homes. Luncheons were also served at the church for the boys. 

In December, 1917, began serving at the Canteen as a mem- 
ber of the XXVI Club, baking and serving regularly once a 
month until the close of the Canteen. Was appointed general 
chairman of decorations and flowers committee for Canteen ; 
she went personally and put fresh flowers throughout the Can- 
teen rooms almost daily. In co-operation with Mrs. W. E. 
Gilliland put in the Christmas tree and decorations. Was 
chairman of flower showers for the City Federation of Mis- 
sions to Camp Logan. With a committee from Woodland 
Methodist Church made weekly visits to the base hospital at 
Camp Logan, taking each time flowers, magazines, jellies, ice 
cream and plenty of good cheer. Besides she went indivi- 
dually three afternoons each week to the Red Cross recreation 
rooms for convalescent boys at Logan and visited, played 
games with the boys, took them flowers and did any and 
everything to bring cheer and sunshine to the boys there. 
Often she did shopping for them in the city. 

With the return of the boys from overseas she began work 
with the War Camp Community Service. For the first big 
reception given to the 132nd Field Artillery was made chair- 
man of decorations for the City Auditorium. This was the 



ENTERTAINERS 167 



time the Liberty Bell was made of roses given her from the 
gardens of the city. Was also chairman of decorations for the 
reception of the Rainbow Division. Her work as chairman of 
the Lemonade Committee for all the homecoming boys was 
truly wonderful. At every reception she had charge of the 
lemonade, besides serving on several other committees. Dur- 
ing these two months, with a committee, she squeezed three 
thousand five hundred lemons, boiled eight hundred pounds of 
sugar and thus made syrup for four hundred thirty-eight gal- 
lons of lemonade. This was a total, but made and served at 
four different times. She took an active part in Red Cross and 
all drives as a representative from her club — the XXVL 



TREBLE CLEF CLUB 

Mrs. Nelson Munger Honorary President 

Mrs. Geo. W. Heinzelman _ President 

Mrs. W. L. Love First Vice-President 

Mrs. Geo. By ers Second \^ice- President 

Mrs. Geo. A. Wilson Corresponding Secretary 

Mrs. John Henry Freeman Recording Secretary 

Miss Rubie Estes Treasurer 

M rs . Tom C. Ro we Librarian 

Mrs. W. A. Haley _ Assistant Librarian 

Miss Gertie Rolle P)usiness Manager 

Mr. Sam Swinford Club Accompanist 

Mrs. R. L. Cox Director 

As to war work the members of the Treble Clef Club (as a 
club) gave generously of their time and talents to further all 
phases of war work, participating in the community sings, sell- 
ing bonds and war stamps and buying bonds to the extent of 
$750. Aside from assisting constantly in Red Cross work indi- 
vidually, they contributed much toward the entertainment pro- 
vided for the various camps and aviation fields. 

Among those who arranged and appeared on various pro- 
grams were : Misses Lorctta Bonner. Julia Frankel. Pearl 
Perkins. Gertie Rolle. Mesdames N. C. Munger, W. A. Grant, 
J. F. W^lch. F. E. Wilson. T. N. Asbury. Geo. Byers. Mr. 
Swinford, the club accompanist, rendered valuable assistance. 

The Treble Clef Club now boasts three auxiliaries: The 
Evening Treble Clef Club, the Treble Clef Club of Livingston, 
Texas, and also the Treble Clef Club of Rosenberg. 

Mrs. Carl Sony is director of the Livingston Club, while the 
Rosenberg Club is under the guidance of Mrs. W. Roeber. 



168 



ENTERTAINERS 




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ENTERTAINERS 



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170 



ENTERTAINERS 



MRS. C. J. GIEZENDANNER 




Mrs. Giezendanner is one 
of Houston's most charming 
entertainers ; her grace of 
mind and body cannot be ex- 
celled. She is always ready 
in times of need with a 
smile and a helping hand. 
When Camp Logan and El- 
lington Field were estab- 
lished here Mrs. Giezendan- 
ner was among the first to 
offer her valuable services in 
entertaining the soldiers. It 
is splendid work to knit and 
sew and clothe the outer 
man, it's good to give of our 
best to feed the inner man, 
but there are times in the 
soldier's life when he values 
spiritual uplift of far more 
importance than food or rai- 
ment. There are hours in 
every man's life when his 

spirit needs nourishing, when his soul calls out for sympathy, 
for diversion from the monotony of discipline, and he craves 
something to lift him out of despondency. 

Mrs. Giezendanner and her little troupe of entertainers have 
a wonderful faculty for making the soldier forget that he was 
away from home and loved ones. Men naturally love children 
and the grace and charm of Mrs. Giezendanner's little pupils, 
their wonderfully smiling faces and grace of manner, their 
airy movements and eagerness to be of service, seemed just 
the touch that was most needed to make them forget that they 
are lonely and home-sick. The children who went most with 
Mrs. Giezendanner are Francis Norton, Margaret Giezendan- 
ner, Elizabeth Thayer Giezendanner, Majorie Peterson, Fran- 
ces Spence, Bernice Bell, Dora McDearmon, Gloria Elaine 
Arnold, Wilma Nichols, Lillian Margaret Townsen, Marjorie 
Ellen Boyd, Dorothula Lorraine Callahan and Charles J. Gie- 
zendanner. 

These young people never failed Mrs. Giezendanner when 
she called them, through rain and cold on the darkest nights, 
to all the different club houses, always finding several hundred 
men waiting for them eager to see their smiling faces. 



ENTERTAINERS 



171 



The mothers and relatives of these entertainers also deserve 
their meed of praise, for they, too, braved the elements as 
chaperons. Great army trucks -came for them and some- 
times it was too crowded for comfort but no one thought of 
their own comfort ; their only desire was to help. 

Other pupils of Mrs. Giezendanner who helped constantly 
but whose pictures we could not secure, are : Marcella Dono- 
van, Geraldine Bacheller. Marie Hennessey. Dorothy Helberg, 
Mary Lucile James, Genevieve Cerraccio, Evelyn Flick and 
Joyce O'Neil. 

Mrs. Giezendanner is a graduate of Teachers School of Ex- 
pression. Indianapolis, and New Orleans College of Oratory. 
■ Her daughter, ]\Iiss Margaret, is at present studying in New 
York, expecting to take her place among professionals in the 
near future. 



MRS. DAPHNE PEABODY EDWARDS 



Mrs. Daphne Peabody Edwards, 
wife of Richard W. Edwards, now 
located in Washington. D. C, mem- 
ber of Railway Commission under 
Mr. McAdoo. Mrs. Edwards was a 
very active worker, both in canteen 
Avork and Red Cross. She went as 
instructor in surgical dressings to 
many small towns at her own ex- 
pense and helped organize auxil- 
iaries for the Red Cross. She also 
helped with entertainments for sol- 
diers ; was also much interested in 
the Girls' Protective Association. 
She worked constantly until Mr. 
Edwards was called to Washington. 

Mrs. Edwards was an active meml)er of the Woman's Club 
and Equal Suffrage Association while residing in Houston. 




172 



ENTERTAINERS 



MRS. H. G. THAYER 




Mrs. Thayer was chairman of the 
house committee of the Khaki Club 
and with her committee of splendid 
women some much needed work was 
accomplished. The organization was 
formed for the purpose of entertain- 
ing the soldiers of Ellington Field 
and Camp Logan. There was no 
feature of war work more necessary. 
Men of all classes must have some 
social environment, so many of 
Houston's best women joined the 
Khaki Club and gave much of their 
time in providing a pleasant, con- 
genial gathering place. 

Mrs. Thayer had seventy-five ladies on her entertaining 
committee and they not only entertained at the Khaki Club 
but gave hundreds of home parties and went often to the camp 
with well prepared programs of music and readings. They 
went weekly to cheer the sick. 

The invalid wards were rercipients of many flowers and deli- 
cacies from their hands. 

Another phase of war work in which Mrs. Thayer was es- 
pecially interested was the Protective Bureau for Girls. This 
was a committee banded together to protect working girls 
and girls who were not surrounded by good home influences. 
They worked under the Fosdick War Commission. Miss Pearl 
Blough was director and Mrs. Max Taub was local chairman. 
Some of the prominent members were Miss Florence Sterling, 
Mrs. J. W. Neal, Mrs. E. C. Murry, Mrs. Thornwell Fay, Mrs. 
H. G. Thayer and Miss Martha Gano. These ladies deserve 
special credit for this work. It was very essential. 

Mrs. Thayer is also a prominent member of the Woman's 
Club and the South End Study Club. 



SCHOOLS 



173 



THE WAR ACTIVITIES OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF 

HOUSTON. 




p. W. Horn 

All the war activities in which the jjublic schools ol Houston 
took part may be grouped under two heads : 

(a) Those directly concerned with and contributing to the 
winning of the war. 

(b) Those ordinary activities of normal times less closely 
concerned with the war, but none the less directly contributing 
to the winning of it. 

In the first group may be enumerated the following things 
which took place in the Houston schools during the period of 
the war : 

(1) The school children took charge of the work of obtain- 
ing signatures to the Food Pledge Cards sent out by the Food 
Administration of our Government, obtaining practically 100 
per cent of the signatures sought. This work was done under 
the able leadership of Mr. E. A. Peden, Food Administrator for 
the State of Texas. 

(2) Through the schools literature bearing on the subject 
of food conservation was sent to practically every family in 
the citv. 



174 SCHOOLS 

(3) School kitchens were opened during the regular school 
year and during the summer for demonstrations in canning 
and preserving, given under the auspices of the Food Adminis- 
tration. 

(4) The school children of the city bought, through the 
schools. Liberty Bonds of the third issue to the amount of 
$195,500. Of all five issues, they bought nearly one million 
dollars' worth through the schools, and doubtless an even 
larger amount through other agencies. 

(5) They bought Thrift Stamps in one particular month 
to the value of $27,006. Societies for the purchase of Thrift 
Stamps were organized at practically all of the school build- 
ings. Instruction in thrift was given to the children as a por- 
tion of their regular school work. 

(6) During the last year of the war there was a school 
garden at each of thirty-eight different buildings, and there 
were 11,464 war gardens cultivated at home in whole or in 
part by public school children. 

(7) There were 12,230 children in the schools enrolled as 
members of the Junior Red Cross. A more detailed statement 
of their work in this organization will be given later on in this 
discussion. 

(8) The schools took an active part in helping to secure 
members for the Senior Red Cross, and in the drive for funds 
for this organization. 

(9) There was a military organization of cadets at each of 
our high school buildings, and a troop of Boy Scouts at most 
of our buildings for elementary schools. 

(10) Education and patriotism was stressed in all of our 
schools. Special attention was given to the singing of patri- 
otic songs, flag drills, to the flag salute, and the pledge to the 
flag. 

(11) The schools observed Tag-the-Shovel-Day during the 
month of January, for the purpose of helping with the work of 
fuel conservation. On the afternoon of that day, after school, 
each child took one of the tags and fastened it to the family 
coal shovel, with the plea that one less shovel full of coal be 
used each day. 

(12) Through the schools, several hundred boys were en- 
rolled in the United States Boys Working Reserve. Through 
the agency of the Boys Department of the local Y. M. C. A. 
many of these were placed in the shipyards', the wheat fields, 
the peach orchards, and the potato patches of the state for 
work during the summer vacation. 



SCHOOLS 175 

(13) There are 436 stars in the Service Flag of the Central 
High School, and there were at least that many boys of the 
students and alumnae of that school who served their country 
in Army, or Navy, or Aviation Service. A number of these 
boys gave their lives to their country. Herbert Dunlavey, who 
was in the high school in April, 1917, would have graduated in 
June of that year, but enlisted in the U. S. Marine Corps. On 
July 2, 1918, the local papers announced that he had made the 
supreme sacrifice, having been killed in action somewhere in 
France. Captain John R. Burkett, of the class of 1910, was 
killed in the Argonne Forest on November 1, 1918, just ten 
days before the signing of the armistice. These are only two 
out of the number of those of the Houston High School boys 
who gave their lives for their country. 

(14) The teachers in the city schools did practically all the 
work of compiling the occupational statistics of the registrants 
before the five exemption boards in the city and county. 

(15) A number of teachers enlisted with the Four-Minute 
Speakers in the theatres of the city, and with the speakers in 
the rural school houses of the county on patriotic subjects. 

(16) On Saturday afternoon, and on three nights of the 
week, the extension schools gave instruction to women desir- 
ing to learn to operate automobiles for government service. 

(17) Under the provision of the Smith-Hughes Law, in- 
struction was given in vocational Home Economics, both to 
white women and to colored women. 

(18) Under the provisions of the Smith-Hughes Law, in- 
struction was given in afternoon classes and in night classes 
to men of draft age who desired to study radio telegraphy, in 
order that they might better serve their country by that means 
in Army or Navy service. There were several hundred men 
enrolled in these classes. Of this number more than a hundred 
were graduated with a certificate, showing that they were 
able to meet the Government standard of sending and receiv- 
ing twenty words per minute by wireless telcgra])hv. Many 
of these men went into active service in this line of dutv in the 
Army, and acquitted themselves creditably. 

The last named activity is probably the one which ren- 
dered more immediate service to the Government, and to the 
men concerned, than did any of the others enumerated. The 
e(|uipment needed was simple. It consisted of an ordinary 
Morse key, screwed down so that it would make the sound of 
buz/Jng, rather than that of clicking. It was operated by 
ordinary dry cells. Some of the instructors were retired tele- 
graph operators, and others were young men classed as ama- 
teurs in wireless telcgrajjhy. One of the best and most efficient 



176 SCHOOLS 

teachers was Mr. W. Peine, then the Business Representative 
of the Houston City School Board, who has since died. The 
Federal Vocational Board recognized the work done in the 
Houston schools and met half of the expense of the instruc- 
tion. 

Of the other activities enumerated above, special mention 
should be given to the Junior Red Cross. For years the schools 
were talking about motivation. In other words, they were 
seeking for means by which they could enable each child to 
have some well marked motive for doing the work he was 
called upon to do. Everyone knows that a child or a grown 
person can do much better the thing he really wants to do than 
the thing he does not want to do. Our difficulty has been to 
get the child really to see the desirability or the necessity for 
performing the task assigned him in the school room. Only 
too frequently he has done these tasks under compulsion, or 
at least with only a vague sort of faith that they might at 
some time be of value to him. 

The Junior Red Cross probably gives to the schools the best 
opportunity they ever had to assign to the child tasks in which 
he is really interested. Every American boy or girl was inter- 
ested in the winning of the war, in which his country was 
engaged. The desire to help was great. If we could only 
show him any task which he could perform which would help 
win the war, he was immediately interested. 

The following tabulation will give an idea of some of the 
work accomplished in the Junior Red Cross of the Houston 
schools during the war ; 

Surgical dressings 74,881 

Triangular slings 170 

Abdominal bandages 117 

Shot bags ., 2,811 

Hospital napkins 593 

Gun wipes, yards 133 

Substitute handkerchiefs 70 

Knitted rugs 10 

Black sateen pinafores for refugee children 95 

Petticoats 110 

Boys' shirts 15 

Gingham dresses 18 

Total finished articles 78,633 

Tinfoil, pounds 50 

School banners 30 

Large service flag for high school 



^___ SCHOOLS 177 

Hand woven rugs for headquarters 12 

Hand braided rugs _ 

Besides these, the boys made for cantonments and head- 
quarters checker-boards, chairs, tables, furniture, etc. 

The Avork of the Junior Red Cross in our schools has been 
along three distinct lines, as follows : 

(1) Constructive work outlined and included as a part of 
the regular school cvirriculum, especially in such subjects as 
sewing, cooking, gardening, manual training, etc. 

(2) Constructive work voluntarily done by pupils outside 
of school hours in groups under proper supervision. 

(3) Work not directly constructive, but educational in its 
nature. This may be accomplished by patriotic entertain- 
ments, by the reading of supplementary books dealing with 
Red Cross work and by instruction along lines having a direct 
connection with the war and war activities. 

^^'ork under the first heading was done by all the children in 
the Houston schools below the high schools. Work under the 
second head was done largely by high school j)upils. An 
organi:zation known as Woman's Patriotic League rendered 
valuable assistance in this voluntary work. The Domestic 
Art rooms at the various high schools were kept open for girls 
in the High School at periods during the school day when they 
might not be otherwise busy, and also at i)cri()(ls after the 
regular school day. 

The work of the schools in selling Thrift Stam])s and Lib- 
erty Bonds causes one to think of the distinguished preacher 
who said, "I have stopped thinking of my church as my field, 
and have learned to think of it as my force." In like manner 
the school people of today and the general public as well have 
learned to think of the public schools not merely as their field, 
but also as their force. The schools of Houston are proud of 
the fact that during the war they have not been in a position of 
merely being ministered unto. They carried their fair share 
of the load and contributed a real force to such movements as 
the purchase of Thrift Stamps, Liberty Bonds and the securing 
of Red Cross funds. 

During the year the Superintendent was occasionally asked 
what effect these war activities have had upon the "regular" 
school work. His answer always consisted of two parts. He 
stated in the first place that he does not believe the conven- 
tional work of the schools has suffered one bit from these war 
activities. The boys and girls spell just as well as they ever 
did, if not a little better. They can probably spell some words 
this year which their ])redeccssors could not spell, as for 



178 SCHOOLS 

instance, "camouflage" or "barrage." The children read and 
write as well as they ever did, and know as much about 
arithmetic. It is altogether probable that high school boys and 
girls know fully as much about the i stems of third declension 
nouns in Latin, and as much about the binomial theorem in 
algebra as similar classes did before the war. 

In the second place, however, it may just as positively be 
stated that even if it could be shown that there was some fall- 
ing off in the conventional lines of school work due to these 
war activities, it would nevertheless be true that the resulting 
gains would be far larger than the losses. It is more important 
that a child be a good American citizen than that he be a good 
speller. In the year 1918, patriotism is and ought to be the 
major subject in the curriculum of every American school. 
The value of much of the work done goes far beyond the im- 
mediate results obtained. For instance, it was worth some- 
thing to our government that our children should buy Liberty 
Bonds and Thrift Stamps, but it was worth a great deal more 
to the children. If the children of Houston during the war 
learned to save the nickels and the dimes which they formerly 
wasted in frivolous ways, the habit thus formed will be worth 
a great deal more to them than the money saved. 

In conclusion, it may be stated that the work done in the 
Houston schools was simply an organized effort on the part 
of the American manhood and womanhood, and particularly 
on the part of the American boyhood and girlhood to do its full 
part in the great work of making the world safe for democ- 
racy. The boys and girls in the schools did their best to help. 
The teachers did their best to enable them to help. The par- 
ents were glad of the training that came to their children and 
particularly of the opportunity their children had for helpful- 
ness. 

After all is said and done, one can not fail to say that the 
people connected with the Houston schools who made the 
greatest sacrifice were not those who stayed at home, nor even 
the ones who followed the call of the colors. The greatest 
sacrifice was not even that which was made by the boys who 
gave their lives for their country. The greatest sacrifice of all 
was made by the mothers, whose sons are represented by the 
gold stars on the service flag. They are the ones who sulf ered 
most and who deserve the highest honor. 



SCPIOOLS 179 

Patriotic League 

The "Patriotic League" was one of the city's best organiza- 
tions during the war period for children and working women. 
Each school and Sunday School had its "Patriotic League." 
It was their duty to do anything and everything that savored 
of patriotism. They did Red Cross work, sold Liberty Bonds, 
Thrift Stamps, made "trench candles" and raised money for 
the cause in various ways. Some of the principal workers in 
the Patriotic League were Miss Agnese Carter and Mrs. Guy 
M. Bryan. 

Their headquarters was the recreation hall of the Y. W. C. 
A. Women and girls who worked during the day met there 
at night to make surgical dressings and learn to knit 

The Trench Candle 

"What are trench candles?" asked a person of a little girl 
not long since. The child opened wide her big brown eyes and 
answered : "You surely didn't belong to our Patriotic League 
or you would know." The trench candle is a piece of paper 
two and one-half inches wide, rolled tight until it is one inch in 
diameter, then dipped in wax or paraffine imtil it is thoroughly 
soaked and when dry will stand upright. They will burn v^O 
miiuites. They were used by the soldiers in the trenches to 
warm their fingers or a cup of something to drink, l^ach sol- 
dier could carry two or three dozen without much inconve- 
nience. They were strung like l)cads for convenience and 
could l)c taken off as needed. They often saved the soldiers' 
fingers from freezing. The school children of Houston made 
several hundred thousand. "They were easy to make," said 
the child, "and we wanted to do something." 

Mr. Horn. County Superintendent of Schools, said: "The 
trench candle does good in several ways. They not only bring 
some degree of comfort to the soldier Imt they inspire a desire 
for service in the child." 



180 BOY SCOUTS 



BOY SCOUTS 

Scouting- was introduced in Houston in the year of 1900, with 
the organization of a troop of Scouts in Houston Heights, by 
Mr. David M. Duller, who, having boys of his own, looking 
around for some plan or program that would assist him in de- 
veloping his own boys into better men. 

As work progressed with this troop, made up of a small 
number of Houston Heights boys, its value to the community 
was realized from the beginning. 

Prof. F. M. Black, the principal of the Travis School in 
Woodland Heights ; Rev. T. Harbin, a minister of a local Pres- 
byterian Church, with several others, became interested and 
organized troops in their respective localities. 

Mr. Harry Warner, at the instance of these gentlemen, pro- 
posed the organization of the Houston Local Council. This 
body to direct the work from a central headquarters, and 
from the organization of this council some several years ago, 
at which time Mr. W. A. Childress was elected president. 

The movement has grown throughout the county, so now it 
numbers eight hundred scouts in thirty-four troops. There 
are over one hundred business men of Houston who are de- 
voting their time and energy voluntarily to the development of 
Houston's future citizens. 

January, 1917, there were in Houston eleven active troops, 
and this organization entered all the war activities in which 
they could be of any service to their nation, and as the work 
progressed and more duties were assigned to the boys, the 
organization completed new troops in fields that were not yet 
covered. 

It would be almost impossible to say in which or what ac- 
tivity, or way, the Scouts of Harris County did the best work 
toward winning the war — if it was in a Liberty Loan drive, a 
Red Cross, War Workers activity campaign, or any other of 
the many things that the boys did in taking their share and 
part. 

They hung the many bill boards and posters that advertised 
the different campaigns. They acted as messengers, clerks in 
the headquarters of the different movements. They patrolled 



BOY SCOUTS 181 



the streets when large gatherings of our citizens were brought 
together for the different kinds of parades. They organized 
and led the parade of November 11, 1918. 

While the War Mothers and those interested in the home- 
coming plans developed their work, there was always a Scout 
ready to do the many little things that assisted these commit- 
tees in giving our returning soldiers and sailors a setting wel- 
come. 

War Garden Campaign. 

Under the directions of the State chairman of the W'ar Gar- 
den Campaign, the Scouts of Houston secured five thousand 
pledges from our citizens that they would make a garden to 
help win the war. 

This was by far the largest number of pledges signed by any 
comnuuu'ty in the State. 

Food Pledge Campaign. 

The Scouts of Harris County under the directions of J\fr. 
E. A. Peden. State Food Administrator, canvassed the entire 
city, from house to house, securing tlic pledges that our citi- 
zens would co-o])erate in tin- saving of all food possible. 

This was one of the largest undertakings in which the 
Scouts participated, and it had been said that it would not 
have been possible to have so thoroughly covered our citv by 
any other agency. 

This work was done voluntarily and cost the Government 
nothing, and yet carried their messages into every one of the 
thousands of homes here. 

Liberty Loan Campaign. 

During the four Liberty Loan drives that the Houston 
Scouts participated in, bonds were sold by this organization to 
the amount of $845,485.00. In this work of selling bonds most 
every Scout in the movement did credible work. 

Scout William Lucy, a member of Troop No. 26. Mrs. H. R. 
Gates, Scoutmaster, headquarters at the Christ Episcopal 
Church, led both in the most of bonds sold, and in the amount 
secured in all the drives except the first. 

The Houston Scouts did not particii)atc in the first drive, 



182 BOY SCOUTS 



as our city was not designated as one of the several experi- 
mental places for boys to sell bonds. 

Scout Lucy, by his own work, sold over sixteen hundred indi- 
vidual bonds, by far leading the other six hundred boys en- 
gaged in the work. 

Scout Lucy is also an Eagle Scout, he having successfully 
passed to the satisfaction of the merit badge faculty the re- 
quirements of twenty-one merit badges, which qualifies him to 
the highest rank a Scout can attain in the movement. 

The United States Treasury Department rewarded each 
Scout in the United States, who sold ten bonds or more, to as 
many as ten individual persons with a Treasury Department 
medal. Two hundred and eighteen Scouts qualified for these 
rewards in Houston. 

The War Saving Stamp Committee presented to each Scout 
whose sales of War Saving Stamps amounted to $250.00 to as 
many as twenty-five dififerent parties, a medal known as an 
Ace Medal. 

Twenty-eight Scouts in Houston qualified for the "Ace 
Medal." 

Mr. George W. Powell, the present executive in charge of 
Scouting in Houston and Harris County, entered the move- 
ment as an assistant Scoutmaster in 1913, under Prof. F. M. 
Black, then in charge of Troop No. 6. In 1914 Mr. Powell suc- 
ceeded Mr. Black as Scoutmaster of Troop No. 6, and during 
the following year took charge of Troop No. 3, whose head- 
quarters were Longfellow School, and on May 1, 1918, suc- 
ceeded Mr. Carl M. Roberts as Scout Executive, who had be- 
come Assistant Food Administrator under Mr. E. A. Peden. 

On May 1, 1918, there were three hundred and eighteen 
Scouts in Houston, comprising eleven troops. There are now 
thirty-four troops with some eight hundred active members. 

The organization boasts thirteen Eagle Scouts, the highest 
rank a boy can attain in this wonderful movement within its 
membership. 



BUSINESS HOUSES 



183 




W. C. MUNN 

When war was declared by the 
United States against the imperial 
government of Germany it became 
necessary that a campaign of educa- 
tion be started arousing the great 
body of American people to their 
patriotic duty and, therefore. W. C. 
Munn Company, as an institution, 
and its president, general manager 
and all of their host of co-workers 
entered enthusisatically into every 
branch of war work. 

It was only necessary to suggest 
to W. C. Munn that it was his duty 
to go out on to the street corners 
and urge the young men of Houston 

and Texas that it was their duty to volunteer in the Army, 
Navy and Marines. He made many speeches on the street 
corners of Houston, never having l)cen called day or night but 
what he gladly responded. 

Under the able management of Mr. Jno. H. Hill, vice-presi- 
dent and general manager of the institution, their building was 
beautifully and patriotically decorated with the flags of the 
allies, the Stars and Stripes always occujjying the most promi- 
nent position. 

This instituti(jn, many months before the United States was 
drawn into this horrible war, inaugurated a song service in 
their establishment and at many of these services there were 
addresses made by Mr. Munn. Mr. Hill and other j^atriotic 
members of the business family. During these meetings there 
were many flags presented to the military and marine com- 
panies organized in and about Houston when they answered 
the call of their government and went to the different training 
fields and camps. 

At several of these meetings the president, \V. C. Munn, in 
the course of an address to the help and visitors at these morn- 
ing services, stated that if any young man was hesitating 
about joining the army, navy or marines on account of the fear 
that some of his loved ones might suflfer from want while he 



18+ 



BUSINESS HOUSES 




Munn Company Store 

was gone that he could go with the full assurance that the firm 
of W, C. Munn Company would see to it that no member of 
his family would ever want for the necessaries of life, and 
if the government did not provide for them that W. C. Munn 
Company would. 

He further stated that in case they went and returned that 
their positions would be open for them at as good or better 
salary than they were drawing when they left, and should they 
by chance lose an arm or a leg that they would be placed back 
into the service at as good salary as they were then drawing, 
and should they lose both arms and both legs that the firm of 
W. C. Munn Company would see that they or none of their 
loved ones ever suffered for anything. : 

. As a result of these patriotic meetings and talks there were 
sixty-one young men who left the employ of the W. C. Munn 
Company, joining the different branches of the service. Many 
of them went across the seas, every one of them performing 
his duty gallantly and bravely as an American citizen, and so 
far as the firm knows they have been peculiarly blessed by not 
having yet reported the loss of one of these young men. 

When it became necessary that the United States Govern- 



BUSINESS HOUSES 185 



ment be supplied with funds to see that its brave sons were 
clothed, fed and protected. The Alunn Co. worked as one 
man to see that every duty that fell upon them was performed 
well. Mr. Munn was called upon to make many four-minute 
speeches in the theatres and he was never called without an- 
swering. He was very active in the War Savings Stamp cam- 
paign and also upon the executive committee of Judge Chester 
Bryan, chairman of the Liberty Bond Committee of Harris 
County. 

He was aided materially in this noble work by the efficient 
assistance and encouragement of Mr. Jno. H. Hill, vice-presi- 
dent and general manager of the W. C. Munn Company, who 
would take it upon himself to perform his and Mr. Munn's duty 
at the store in order to allow Mr. Munn to have more time to 
devote to these public duties, and through him radiated a 
patriotic spirit throughout the establishment of the W. C. 
Munn Company and the entire city of Houston. He procured 
for the firm one of the most attractive and beautiful sets of 
allied flags of the finest silk. These flags were a great credit 
to the institution as well as to the city of Houston and they 
were used not only by the hrm of W. C. Munn Company but in 
every patriotic movement by the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A. and 
every patriotic celebration during the war and since its close. 
Whenever there was a parade Mr. Jno. H. Hill with these flags 
was always at the front, and the morning that the greatest 
blessing was brought to the world by the signing of the armis- 
tice Mr. Hill closed the store after the morning service and 
with the entire store force was marching on the streets of 
Houston at fifteen minutes past eight o'clock, the entire force 
spending the day in celebrating the most joyous occasion the 
world has ever seen since the resurrection. 

Of course, every loyal American citizen performed their full 
duties but the activities of the W. C. Munn Company and its 
loyal corps of workers from president and general manager 
down to the cash boy and porter always stood out prominent 
among other patriotic institutions of America. 

They do not boast of these things but feel happy that they 
were able to do their duty. 



186 BUSINESS HOUSES 



W. C. Munn was born and raised in Texas. He is a member 
of the First Baptist Church and one of its staunchest sup- 
porters. He is much loved in social circles, his pleasant smile 
and hearty handshake are always appreciated by his friends. 
Notwithstanding he is a very busy man he always finds time 
to be of service to his friends and his community. The ladies 
of Houston are indebted to him for hundreds of favors in their 
club and patriotic work. If all men were like W. C. Munn this 
would be a pleasant place to live in. 

J. H. Hill was born in Ireland and came to America as a 
young man, but he is not an Irishman, he is an American first, 
last and all the time. 



MR. AND MRS. SIMEON SHAW 

Mr. Shaw is a Methodist minister, served as a Y. M. C. A. 
minister, and was in charge of one of the Y buildings at Camp 
Logan. 

His wife was a great help to him in his work. It has been 
truthfully said that she is one of the greatest entertainers in 
Houston. She is an artist in the truest sense of the word. 
Her drawings created a sensation on every hand and no one 
used their talents to greater advantage during the war than 
she. She gave of herself untiringly during the entire war 
period, both at Camp Logan, Ellington Field and in the city. 
One of her best pictures was "Keep the Home Fires Burning." 
She drew this for crowded houses in every Y building in the 
camp and the picture remained on the walls until the camp 
was destroyed. Another one of her drawings was the "Red 
Cross Nurse," and last but not least the "Soldier's Grave." 



BUSINESS HOUSES 



RICE HOTEL 



187 




The patriotism of the Rice 
Hotel is beyond question. 
During the war period the 
managers exerted them- 
selves in every possible way 
to be of service. It threw 
open its doors in a way that 
was truly hospitable. It be- 
came not only a pleasant 
stopping place for the weary 
traveler, but a homelike 
abiding place for the thou- 
sands who sought a cool, 
quiet restful home. The ge- 
nial manager, Mr. B. B. 
Morton, was at all times 
a pleasant, congenial host. 
During the entire war period 
every patriotic enterprise 
made its headquarters at the Rice Hotel. A table and com- 
fortable chairs were always provided for the committee work- 
ers. The recruiting agents, the bond sellers. Thrift Stamp 
sellers. Red Cross workers. Housewives' League workers, the 
Child Welfare workers, in fact, every organization doing patri- 
otic work, were made welcome at the Rice. Committees of 
both men and women could be seen constantly in the large 
comfortable parlors in conference. 

The Rice had one of the best Red Cross Auxiliaries in exist- 
ence during the strenuous period of Red Cross activities. Mrs. 
N. E. Meador was auxiliary chairman and over one hundred 
ladies, guests of the Rice Hotel, helped with the work. It was 
a common thing to see Mrs. Meador hurrying in and out with 
arms full of Red Cross work. Mrs. Meador was also pur- 
chasing agent at Red Cross headquarters for eighteen months, 
often working from 9 a. m. until 6 p. m., never giving up until 
her health failed her. 

There were eighty employes who went from the Rice Hotel 
to enter the service of the United States Army and Navy. They 
went with the full assurance that their places would be ready 
for them when they returned. The names of those entering the 
service are as follows : 

Dr. E. W. Bertner, house physician ; Bob Artz, Nat Patella, 
Schrader, Stanley, Trotter, McLen, Wheat, Myers. Lee How- 
ard, Paul Frederick, Bauman, bellboys ; B. King, Jim Romeo, 



188 BUSINESS HOUSES 

G. Brodeaux, Mr. Plummer, clerks; Rush Moody, printer; 
Irvine and Big Boy, negroes from Turkish bath ; Louis O. La 
Garde, cashier; James W. Martin, clerk in auditor's office; 
Geo. S. King, assistant manager; William Taylor, killed in 
action in France ; Marion Gregory, store room ; Ralph Thomas, 
lunch room; T. S. Moodie, Perry Davis, clerks; Eddie McAles- 
ter, checker ; Bruce Carter, auditor's office ; Alfred Gaity, 
cook; Bill Rogers, barber; Alec Polaski, waiter; H. Dweck, 
room service waiter; Tom Ainsworth, waiter; S. Milaskawitz, 
waiter ; Cliff Moody, printer ; Henry Jackson, wine room ; John 
C. Cabrousche, Fred King, clerks ; Homer Mayes, Wade Reed, 
John Rogers, E. Wimberly, barber shop; Saleto, cook; Ray 
Meek, painter; Gilbert, store room; George Spillers, bar; F. 
Dominguez, lunch room ; Howard Garland, Le Blanc, musi- 
cian; Charles Carlo, waiter; Frank Samaritan, tailor; Victor 
Hugo, waiter ; Claude Harper, lunch room cook ; O. U. Hill, 
baker; E. Cavacoso, bus boy lunch room; Walter Thomas, bus 
boy lunch room ; J. Wynn, A. Melleiup, dishwashers ; Joe Var- 
gara, bus boy (dead) ; Bob Stray, Wallace Ernest, Massey, 
waiters; Max Hawkins, Lucas, Old Joe, barber shop; Johnnie 
Blend, Bog Newman, barber shop; Jesse Smith, waiter; C. L. 
Simmons, tailor; J. S. Collins, D. M. Pettitt, R. L. James, B. E. 
Verlander, engine room; N. E. Meador, Jr. (son of the presi- 
dent of Rice Hotel Co.) ; Geo. Black, Joe Gardber, Walter La- 
rengin, Frankie Tull, Geo. McKinnie (colored), Geo. Wheat- 
ley, Turkish bath ; Geo. Spillious, John Cabrunde, bar ; Calway 
Morris, porter; John Martinel, E. S. Limoni, J. J. Miller, en- 
gine room ; J. J. Smith, C. Aloisio, J. Mangold, waiters ; Alee 
Chustz, dining room; Albert A. Brown, I. B. Davis, front 
clerks; B. M. Stephens, N. T. Patillo, bellboys. 



BUSINESS HOUSES 189 



THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE 

The Chronicle's most satisfactory war record is its service 
flag, with fifty-eight stars. Of these boys nearly all saw over- 
'seas service/ Not a gold star appeared during the entire 
period of the war, but many came home wearing the insignia 
of wounds. Places were saved for all of them, and nearly all 
are now back on the job, a few having located in other lines, 
and one. Captain John W. Thomason, being still with the 
Marines. 

Next in importance to its service flag is the Liberty Bond 
record made bv the Chronicle. Originating the plan of bonds 
at $1 down and $1 a week, the Chronicle sold over its counters 
about $1,500,000 worth of bonds. Payments are now being 
made on the fifth loan, floated last April. The plan gave the 
"little armv" its bonds without paying interest thereon, a $50 
bond being' worth $52 by the time the final payment was made. 

Through the Chronicle funds were raised for the purchase 
of regimental colors for the Houston regiment of volunteers 
of the National Guard. These colors were carried to France, 
and will remain in the archives of the regiment as an enduring 
token of the appreciation felt by Houston people for worthy 
and brave sons. Other funds were collected for the purchase 
of flags for Ellington Field. The post, garrison and weather 
flags are still displayed there. Funds for the subsistence of 
soldiers who came to Houston to enlist were raised through 
the Chronicle, and a large number of men who had quit other 
employment to serve their country were kc])t from want or 
hardship until absorbed into military units. 

Red Cross, Salvation Army, United War Work, War Camj) 
Community Service, Library and Smileage campaigns, the 
Melting Pot. War Risk Insurance, Vocational Training, activi- 
ties of the Mothers of the Army and the Mothers of the Navy, 
the National, State and Local Councils of Defense, the Patri- 
otic Leagues and the very large numlier of organizations 
working for a common cause were all actively sponsored by 
the Chronicle. One member of the Chronicle staff served as 
dollar-a-y ear-man. 

Perhaps the most jileasing service the Chronicle rendered 
during the war was the raising of a Christmas Fund for the 
boys "over there." This fund totaled more than 18.000 francs, 
and brought a great deal of joy to the Houston boys who 
served under General John A. Hulen. 

The saddest feature of the Chronicle war work was the 
raising of a fund by which to commemorate the gold stars 
from Harris County. This fund was invested in W^ar Saving 
Securities, being handled under the auspices of the War 
Mothers. It is still intact, awaiting additional su1)scriptions in 
order to provide a suitable memorial. 



190 



BUSINESS HOUSES 



WADDELL'S 




The Housewives' League of Houston have many times ex- 
pressed their appreciation of the Waddell Housefurnishing 
Company's splendid co-operation during the war period. The 
League felt the best way they could serve their country was 
to open a war kitchen and give lessons in cooking food substi- 
tut;,es and teach the women of the city how to can their vege- 
tables and fruit. So they procured a large kitchen and asked 
the Waddell Company to furnish it for them. This they did 
gladly, giving of the best they had, including a beautiful 
kitchen cabinet, stove, tables, etc. 

These things were used during the entire war period and 
when the Housewives held its yearly cooking school in the 
City Audtorium Waddell added more furniture, in fact, every- 
thing the women asked for during those days of toil and hard- 
ship were sent them. This made the Housewives' work much 
lighter, as convenient kitchen furniture always reduces toil 
and adds 50 per cent to efficiency. 



BUSINESS HOUSES 191 

The Waddell Company did their part in buying bonds and 
were agents for Thrift Stamps. 

The following is a list of men in U. S. Army from Waddell's : 
W. N. Pearson, C. C. Adams, Sam Weinberg, D. B. Culpepper, 
Adolph Davis (colored), Fred Weiss, Dudley Bowers, Sam 
Waddle, Arthur Palmer, Julius Patotzka, Chas. Walters, Bar- 
ney B. Hood, Roy Rockwood. Albert Hudeck, Harry Morris. 

Arthur Palmer was the only man killed. Two were badly 
gassed and will be unable to work indoors again. 

Quite a number of the men have returned to work, others 
have changed to other positions since returning home. 



J. J. SWEENEY JEWELRY CO. 

The J. J. Sweeney Jewelry Co. is one of the most beautiful 
and up-to-date houses of its kind in the South. Its magnificent 
gems are only rivaled by the sterling worth of their employes. 
Each and every one proved themselves true Americans with a 
real and genuine loyalty to all their country's needs. The fol- 
lowing employes entered the service : Antone Havlik, Philip 
Kuhn, Edgar Wilton, H. A. Vollkee, Marvin Knowles, John 
Mellinger and Geo. W illianis. l^oth officers and employes as- 
sisted with every drive for funds. Every obligation was met 
cheerfully. They were called on to sacrifice metals, merchan- 
dise and men, but they endeavored to make their business meet 
the country's needs. They offered their manufacturing facili- 
ties to the Government to make any articles it could use. They 
repaired and overhauled ship chronometers and watches for 
the United vStatcs Shippins^; I'.iiard; they gladly conserved and 
avoided waste everywhere possible. The men and officers lo- 
cated at Ellington Field and Camp Logan were extended every 
courtesy. All the men who enlisted returned safely and their 
places awaited tlicni. 



192 



BUSINESS HOUSES 



UNION NATIONAL BANK, HOUSTON, TEXAS 







^^h] 






11: 
31: 



ij>'^5 5; 







Union Nat'l Bank Bldg. 



Capital, $1,000,000.00. 
Resources, $17,000,000.00. 

Officers 

J. S. Rice, President 
T. C. Dunn, Vice-President 
Geo. Hamman, Vice-President 
W. T. Carter, Vice-President 
Abe M. Levy, Vice-President 

C. G. Pillot, Vice-President 

D. W. Cooley, Vice-President 
H. B. Finch, Cashier 
C; A. Dwyer, Asst. Cashier 
Hugh Wood, Asst. Cashier 
J. F. Fowler, Asst. Cashier 

At the head of the Union National 
Bank serves in the capacity of 
President Mr. J. S. Rice, known 
throughout the State as Captain 
Rice. He is one of Houston's most 
esteemed citizens and enjoys the acquaintance and the friend- 
ship of a wide circle of friends through actual demonstration 
of conservative banking methods, commercial activity and so- 
cial interest. He is the past captain of ^ 
Houston's Light Guard and was heard 
to say during the recent conflict that 
he regretted exceedingly his inability 
for active service. 

The Union National Bank is proud to 
list the following officers and personnel 
of the bank as representatives in the 
world war, which is evidence of true 
Americanism : 

Mr. H. B. Finch, employed by bank, 
9 years ; time of service, 2 years. 

Mr. Robt. H. Dwyer, employed 4 
years; time of service, 1 year 11 mo. J°® ^* ^^^^ 

Mr. F. W. Ilfrey, employed 7 years ; time of service, 1 year. 

Mr. J. B. Millsapes, employed 9 years ; time of service, 1 year 
5 months. 

Mr. Jesse Encke, employed 3 years ; time of service, 1 year 
5 months. 

Mr. O. W. DeWitt, employed 6 years ; time of service, 7 mo. 




BUSINESS HOUSES 193 



Mr. B. R. Albertson, employed 9 years ; time of service, 1 yr. 
Mr. Albert Bowser, employed 4 years ; time of service, 1 
year 8 months. 

Mr. Clyde Cunningham, employed 5 years ; time of service, 
1 year. 

Mr. Vivian Davis, employed 1 year ; time of service 1 year 
8 months. 

Lieutenant H. B. Finch received a citation for bravery. He 
enlisted as a second lieutenant and through his activene'ss and 
loyalty to his duties was promoted to first lieutenant, which 
commission he held when retiring from the service. After his 
return to a civilian occupation he was elected to the position 
of cashier of this bank. 

The Union National Bank has shown liberality through its 
subscription to all Liberty Loan drives, Red Cross and other 
worthy organizations established for the benefit and welfare 
of the men in the military service of the Government. 

The Union National Bank always encouraged enlistments, 
willing to bear the burden of shortage in liclp and sacrifice 
on the part of the personnel. 

Mr. D. W. Cooley, Vice-President, elected recently from 
cashiership, devoted practically all his time serving in many 
capacities and working tirelessly in the welfare of his country. 
He holds distinction as chairman of the Arbitration Committee 
of Ship Workers and secretary of the Draft Board. He exer- 
cised every interest in putting over many drives and helping 
the public in matters for their benefit and the Government. 

The Union National Bank in addition to purchasing a large 
amount of Liberty Bonds, ofiFered the public free service in 
taking care of this paper and protecting them from loss 
through the safety of their large vaults. 



194 THE HO ME COMING OF OUR MEN 

THE HOME COMING OF OUR MEN 

As soon as the glad news was received that our soldiers were 
coming home Houston began to smile once more and when 
the first trains began to pull in our citizens went wild with joy. 
Words are inadequate to express the feeling of enthusiasm 
which permeated the brain as well as the hearts of our citizens. 
Men, women and children flocked to the train by the thou- 
sands. Carloads of flowers were brought to shower upon the 
soldiers, as each train came in. Every yard in the city was 
stripped of its flowers. Every woman and child in the city 
tried to bring flowers and cried if they had none to ofifer. 

When the Rainbow Division came in fifty girls lined up on 
the street with baskets of petals representing every color of 
the rainbow, and showered them as they passed. As each 
train came in sandwiches and coffee were always served them 
by the Red Cross at the depot and later at the Auditorium, 
where the building was always beautifully decorated; they 
were served chicken (five thousand chickens being served one 
day), ice cream and cake, and lemonade galore. 

All the musicians always turned out freely and cheered with 
patriotic music, the women and girls kissed the soldiers as they 
passed, whether they knew them or not. The faces of the by- 
standers represented a medley of expression for some cried, 
while others laughed for joy. This same program was carried 
out several times a week for several weeks until all were home. 
The Auditorium sheltered more patriotic meetings during 
those weeks than altogether before, and we hope there will 
never be need of such demonstrations again. 

The best of everything was saved for the home coming 
soldier. The City Auditorium will probably never again be so 
profusely decorated or shelter so many patriotic people. Won- 
derful patriotic programs were always arranged and the very 
best speakers provided. 

Mayor Amerman told the 360th of the happiness all experi- 
enced- in welcoming home again the men whose absence had 
"left an emptiness" that they only could fill and now that they 
had returned they would be expected to fill it. 

"America needs her sons more than ever," said Mayor Amer- 
man, "and we expect as much or more from them as citizens, 
because of their experiences while fighting for freedom and 
justice in France." 

Mr. Eagle, on behalf of the mothers, wives and relatives of 
the men of the 360th, then presented a pair of diamond cuff 
links to Colonel Howard C. Price, commanding officer of the 
360th. 



WORLD WAR CHRONOLOGY 195 



A service flag with 1622 gold stars for the men of the 90th 
division who will not return from the battlefields of France, 
was presented by Bishop C. S. Ouin. 

"In the midst of our happiness over the reunion with our 
loved ones, we must not and cannot forget those of the 90th 
who have not and will never again be with us here." 

This flag was presented by the women of the 360th Home 
Coming Association in memory of those who made the su- 
preme sacrifice in their country's cause on the battlefields of 
France. 



WORLD WAR CHRONOLOGY 

The Cunard liner Lusitania was sunk May 7. 1915, with 114 
Americans on board. 

April 18, 1916, United States warned Germany that di])lo- 
matic relations would be severed unless the U-boat warfare 
were changed. 

American merchant ships were ordered armed March 12, 
1917. 

A state of war was declared in existence between the laiited 
States of America and Germany April 6, 1917. 

The first American troops reached France June 26, 1917. 

American and German forces clashed for the first time No- 
vember 3, 1917. 

United States declared war on Austria-Hungary December 
7, 1917. 

American forces occujjied first line trenches in France ]a.n- 
uary 31, 1918. 

The German Kaiser retired November 4, 1918. 

The armistice terms were signed bv German delegates on 
November 11, 1918. 

The World War came to a formal end five years after the 
assassination of the Arcli Duke Francis Ferdinand and two 
years and two days after the first American troops landed in 
France. 



196 LEAGUE OF NATIONS 

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 

The League of Nations is a union of the strongest civiHzed 
nations of the world formed at the conclusion of the World 
War. Its object is to promote the peace of the world by agree- 
ing not to resort to war, but to deal openly with each other 
and not by secret treaties, also to improve international law, 
and to co-operate on all matters of common interest. In this 
way the League of Nations hopes to reduce the liability of 
future wars, and any nation that wantonly makes war will be 
boycotted and otherwise penalized. It is mutually understood 
that these nations respect and protect each other's territorial 
integrity and educate their people to see the folly of war. The 
charter members of the League are United States of Amer- 
ica, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, British Empire, Canada, Aus- 
tralia, South Africa, New Zealand, India, China, Cuba, Czecho- 
slovakia, Ecuador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hedjaz, 
Honduras, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, 
Poland, Portugal, Roumania, Serbia, Siam, Uruguay, and the 
following States which are invited to accede to the covenant: 
Argentine Republic, Chili, Colombia, Denmark, Netherlands, 
Norway, Paraguay, Persia, Salvador, Spain, Sweden, Switzer- 
land, Venezuela. 

Any other nation can join the League if it agrees to the 
rule of the League and any of those already members may 
withdraw at any time. The League is advisory, co-operative 
and constructive, not coercive. 

At a meeting in the Houston Auditorium Dr. Samuel Brooks, 
President of Baylor University, before an audience of 2000 
people, declared that the League of Nations was the greatest 
document ever written since the Sermon on the Mount. At 
the close of Dr. Brooks' address the Honorable Thomas H. 
Ball arose and offered the following resolution : 

"Be it resolved by the assembly, That we indorse the League 
of Nations, and the entrance of our country with other coun- 
tries into the League of Nations, and that we fully indorse all 
representations and commitments of every kind and character 
made by President Wilson at the peace conference. 

"Further, That a copy hereof be sent to President Wilson 
and the Texas senators." 



ARMISTICE DAY 197 



ARMISTICE ANNIVERSARY 
November 11th, 1919. 

Armistice day will be observed in Houston Tuesday with a 
celebration such as this city has never before witnessed or 
participated in. 

^^'ith practically every store and lousiness house closed, with 
almost every organization and club arranging some sort of 
participation, with services of various kinds being held at dif- 
ferent places during the day, with a parade that promises to 
be unusually impressive and with a silent prayer and salute 
for and to honor the men of the world war Houston will pay 
a tribute to loyalt}' and patriotism that A\ill surpass anything 
ever attempted. 

The entire citizenship of the city, the school children, all in 
one way or another will take part. Store windows will be 
decorated with flowers, flags will fly from every flagpole, 
streamers and bunting will adorn Houston buildings, and it is 
expected that the downtown streets will l)e crowded with the 
celebrants. 

Festivities Start Early. 

The day's exercises will begin with the Armistice day cele- 
bration at the W. C. Alunn company store at 8 :.^0 a. m. All 
doors to the store will be closed except the Cai)itol avenue 
door. Every one is invited to attend the exercises and all 
present will receive an Armistice day white flower to be worn 
in honor of our heroes who will never return. 

-At these exercises the \\'. C. Alnnn company and Mr. Munn 
will receive a citation from Colonel J. 'J\ Russell, representing 
the war dejiartment. The exercises will be held on the ground 
floor o\ the building. 

The principal speakers on the Munn ])rogram will be Dr. 
Jacobs and judge Bryan, and the music will mostly be fur- 
nished 1)\' the Munn Quartette. 

From 11 a. m. until 5 p. m. all services in Houston will be 
under the direction of the .American IvCgion and the War 
Cam]) Comnumity Service. 

At 11 o'clock all whistles in the city will blow, when the 
whistles die away 10 Hoy Scouts will blow tai)S. At this time 
every j)erson in the city is expected to ofi'er up a silent prayer. 
After this there will be a wonderful i)arade representing the 
Allied Nations. The ])arade v.ill be in charge of Judge Leon 
Lusk. The beautiful flagstaff erected on Main and McKinney 



198 ARMISTICE DAY 



Streets by the War Mothers will be decorated with flowers. 
Mrs. T. M. Ransom will be in charge of the decorations. 

The following program has been arranged for flag pole 
services : 

David M. Duller of the War Camp Community Service and 
the American Legion will preside over the exercises and will 
conduct the opening : 

Invocation — Rabbi Henry Barnstein. 

Community singing led by Glen C. Stables : (a) "Battle 
Hymn of the Republic;" (b) "Nearer My God to Thee." 

Memorial address — Richard Fleming of the American 
Legion. 

Prayer— Rev. M. M. Wolf. 

Taps — Band member. 

Following the flag pole memorial services the parade will 
march back up Main Street and down Texas Avenue to the 
city auditorium, where the Old Glory Memorial services will 
be held at 3 p. m., and the following program rendered : 

L Music by the band. 

2. Invocation by Rev. T. J. Windham. 

3. Community singing led by Glenn C. Stables. (a) 
"America" ; (b) "There's a Long, Long Trail." 

4. Prayer by Father Chataignon. 

5. Community singing, "Onward Christian Soldiers." 

6. Address by Mayor A. E. Amerman. 

7. Solo, "Abide With Me," by Miss Mazie Parish. 

8. Memorial address by J. A. Rossiter. ' 

9. Choir, "Lead Kindly Light," 200 voices. 

10. Recitation, "Our Gold Stars," by W. Ray Scruggs. 

11. Roll call. Old Glory service, in charge of Arthur B. 
Smith. 

12. Community singing, "God Be With You Till We Meet 
Again." 

13. Benediction by Rev. M. Clyde Howard. 

14. One minute silent prayer. 

15. Taps by Clarence L. Parker of the American Legion. 

A large service flag made by the W. C. Munn company will 
be used in the roll call. J. A. Callahan will represent the 
army, William N. Karp the marines, P. J. Campbell the navy 
and Mary Olga Fisher the nurses. When the name of a dead 
hero and the branch of the service in which he served is called. 



ARMISTICE DAY 



199 



the represenative for that branch will step forward and pin 
a gold star on the service flag. 

The program at the city auditorium will complete the plans 
of the \\'2iv Camp Community Service and the American 
Legion. Following are the committees and the chairmen: 
Arrangements — Mrs. A. L. Nelms ; program — Murray B. 
Jones ; flag pole memorial — Mrs. T. M. Ransom ; flowers^ 
Mrs. L. D. Fletcher ; decoration— Mrs. C. K. Willbanks ; music 
— Glenn C. Stables ; band — Charles Lewis : seating — George 
Kepple. 

JUDGE LEON LUSK 

Who is in charge of the beautiful 
Patriotic Parade, on "Armistice 
Day", was raised in Houston and 
has always assisted with ])ul)lic af- 
fairs, especially during the war 
period. He has held his ])resent 
olTice four years and was clerk in 
this oftjce previous to his election. 
He graduated from high school 
and went from there to A. & M. 
College. Judge Lusk worked with 
all the different war activities, giv- 
ing constantly of his time and means 
with Liberty P>onds, Red Cross, Sav- 
ing Stamps, etc. His wife also takes 
great interest in ])ublic affairs. 
They have two children. Mary Ellen and Leon Elmer Lusk. 




200 THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL 



THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL. 



By F. HAPPY DAY. 

Houston is the natural and most available import and export 
gateway for this vast area, and the distribution of its outgoing 
and incoming commerce, being the gateway where eighteen 
railroads traversing this territory converge to meet the sea 
at one of the greatest land-locked harbors in the world. 

The greatness of any city as a seaport depends on the extent 
and safety of its harbor, the converging of railroads, and the 
area and importance of the territory reached by the shortest 
rail-haul. 

The Houston gateway possesses these requirements to a 
greater degree than any other seaport in the United States. 

Situated at the head of deep water navigation, Houston en- 
joys and offers the same advantages to shippers, of water 
rates, and on account of such deep water connection with the 
ports of the world, Houston, as a shipping port, is 500 miles 
nearer the granaries of the West than the Atlantic ports, and 
300 miles nearer than New Orleans, and 570 miles nearer than 
San Francisco. Further, the down-grade haul is an attraction, 
and the products of the Central West seeking an outlet to 
foreign trade, especially through the Panama Canal, must of 
necessity come through Houston and depart via the Houston 
Ship Channel. A comparison of distances from interior points 
to New York and to Plouston, by way of illustrating Houston's 
advantages in nearness of deep water to interior points and to 
points of origin, demonstrates the time and money saved in 
transporting goods for export to Houston, "the line of least re- 
sistance." 

Houston is the greatest land-locked harbor of the world. 
Instead of being an outlet for the trade of the upper Brazos, 
the great system of railroads which have come to Houston 
have made it the gateway for the entire Trans-Mississippi 
Basin. 

Each yearly turn of the wheel of progress in the future will 
more than equal a decade of the past. 

The Houston of 1919 will be as insignificant by comparison 
in 1929, as was the Houston of 1899 in comparison with the 
Houston of today. 

The initial and essential elements required of a city to make 
manufacturing profitable are water and rail transportation, 
ample banking facilities, abundant and cheap fuel, good labor 
conditions, marketing advantages, and the abundance and 
variety of raw materials, the possession of these elements to 



THE HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL 201 



a greater extent, regulate the importance which a city may 
attain as a manufacturing center. 

Houston possesses all of these advantages in a relative de- 
gree equal to anv citv in the United States, and m the variety 
and abundance of raw materials superior to any city m this 
country. 

Not'onlv is Houston the gateway nearer than any other 
North American seaport to the Panama Canal, and the great 
and growing markets for American manufactured goods in 
South America and the Orient, but in addition the Port of 
Houston is in direct connection with over two thousand miles 
of inland waterways represented by the intercoastal canal 
system, which, with a few short gaps, gives to this city a 
direct water route for small craft from Corpus Christi to the 
Mississippi, the Ohio and their tributaries, or a total mileage 
of 5.672 miles. 

This is an advantage not possessed by any other seaport in 
the world. 

No seaport of the United States has such an abundant sup- 
ply of cheap fuel for manufacturers as has Houston. 

The Houston Ship Channel, which is the natural site for the 
location of manufacturing plants, is but a few miles from the 
great producing oil fields, the product of which is rapidly being 
centered at tidewater upon the banks of the Ship Channel, 
giving to the manufacturer an inexhaustible supply of the 
cheapest and best fuel — crude petroleum. 

The Houston Ship Channel offers one hundred miles of 
water front for manufacturing plants, where their products 
for export can be loaded on ocean-going vessels at their own 
wharves. 

On May 24. 1919. the people of Harris County voted a l)()nd 
issue of one and one-half million dollars to contribute their 
share of the enlargement of the Channel as authorized by the 
last Congress, this new work to cost about $3,850,000. When 
this is completed, more than ten and one-half million dollars 
will have been spent on the actual construction of the Channel, 
and Congress will a])propriate about one-third of a million 
annually to maintain the depth and width authorized. 



202 



HISTORY OF TEXAS 



TEXAS 

O, great and glorious Texas, 

Your hand must turn the page, 
Written with a pen of glory, 

That will tell the future age. 
Of the ashes of the martyrs. 

On San Antonio's street, 
And Goliad heroes murdered 

In a morning fair and sweet. 

You must carry down the future, 

Through each eventful year, 
The record of brave Dawson, 

And the fatal beans of Mier. 
You must tell the thrilling story, 

Of that bloody Mexic fray, 
Where your sabres gleamed in glory 

On the walls of Monterey. 




Mrs. Mary Hunt Affleck 



You must sing unto the ages 

How great heroes bore your star. 
Ere our Southern flag was folded 

At unjust demand of war. 
And your hand O greater Texas, 

Must reach the weed grown plain. 
Of San Jacinto's battlefield. 

And o'er the noble slain. 



Spread out a civic beauty. 

Displacing thistles tall, 
'Til velvet grass and blossoms 

Shall be our heroes' pall. 
It is your priceless duty. 

Ruined Alamo to keep. 
And rear the marble tributes. 

Where your mighty children sleep. 

O'er Williamson at Wharton, 

And De Zavala brave. 
At rest near San Jacinto, 

In long neglected grave, 
O'er Smith asleep at Richmond, 

Where woodland breezes blow — 
The last heroic messenger 

From blood-washed Alamo. 



HISTORY OF TEXAS 203 

O'er Milam and o'er Bowie, 

You must voice your mother grief, 
O'er Travis and o'er Crockett, 

And o'er Long, your martyr chief ; 
And above that noble woman, 

Who by the ice bound bay 
In vain awaited his return, 

Through lonely night and day. 

Contending with the savage, 

Bereft of food and rest, 
While Azrael bore the baby 

From her despairing breast. 
O, rear the white Carrara, 

'Til men shall view afar 
The sacred grave of hero brave, 

Who set your single star. 

There was no grander Roman, 

No braver son of Greece, 
No purer knight who went afar, 

To find Truth's Golden Fleece. 
Than the renowned Virginian 

Who by young Texas stood. 
And led her band of heroes grand, 

As only Houston could. 

O, great and greater Texas, 

Your future days will bear 
On golden wings, the fairest things 

Of earth, and sea, and air. 
The railway lights will sparkle, 

\\'here toil your wagon trains. 
And streams of irrigation 

Will ensilver all your plains. 

Your mighty monarch. Cotton, 

Will fill the vesseled bays, 
And sail throughout your kingdom. 

On inland waterways. 
To the commerce of all nations, 

You will give a welcome free, 
Where your wall of granite rises, 

With its "thus far" to the sea. 



204 HISTORY OF TEXAS 

Where your cotton mills are humming 

In a restless spindled host, 
And your rice and cane fields glisten, 

All along the sunlit coast ; 
Where your lumber interests deepen, 

In the oak trees' polished shine, 
And the cedar's spicy fragrance. 

And the rich heart of the pine. 

O, the flocks upon your hillsides. 

And the cattle on each plain, 
And the waving golden billows. 

Of your fields of ripened grain; 
And the ore upon your bosom 

And the oil wells running free, 
From the Rio Grande's waters, 

To your cities by the sea. 

Are to you, O, Royal Texas, 

Dear as jewels of the home. 
That the mother of the Grachii 

Held in palace walls of Rome ; 
No king possesses country. 

Bought with blood of braver ones. 
No queen of yore, on fairer shore. 

E'er ruled more gallant sons. 

The children of great heroes, 

Who answered all your needs, 
And climbed your glory ladder. 

On rounds of knightly deeds. 
Will guard you down the future 

Through unknown ways afar, 
O, queen of mighty Statehood, 

Crowned with your single star. 

— Mary Hunt Affleck. 



INDEX 

Dedication 5 

Women Eulogized 7 

War :\Iothers 11 

Houston's Gold Stars 25 

Red Cross 31 

Houston's Li1)rarian 61 

Salvation Army 62 

National League of Women's Service 65 

Lutheran Brotherhood of America 72 

W^ar Time Pastors of Houston Churches 75 

Y. M. C. A 77 

Y. W. C. A 77 

Ofificers 79 

Nurses 90 

War Camp Connnunity Service ^H 

Clubs and Organizations 105 

Chamber of Commerce 151 

Special Chairmen 15,^ 

Entertainers l'^'^ 

Schools 173 

Roy Scouts 180 

Business 1 louses 183 

The Home Coming of Our Men 194 

World War Chronology 1^5 

The League of Nations 196 

Armistice Day Anniversary 197 

The Houston Shi]) Channel 200 

Historv of Texas 202 



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